Intangible assets |
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| Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets | 10 Intangible assets
1 Impairments of intangible assets are presented within Other operating expenses in the statement of Profit or Loss. Goodwill Goodwill is allocated to groups of cash generating units (CGUs) as follows:
Impairment testing Goodwill is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter by comparing the recoverable amount of each goodwill-carrying CGU with its carrying amount. The key assumptions used in the calculation of the recoverable amounts are included in the table above. Furthermore, ING Group tests goodwill whenever a triggering event is identified. In 2025, no triggering events were identified. At the annual impairment test in the fourth quarter, the recoverable amount exceeds the carrying value of the CGUs as at 31 December 2025 and therefore no impairment is required (31 December 2024: nil). Methodology The recoverable amount is determined as the higher of the fair value less costs of disposal and Value in Use (VIU). The VIU calculation is based on a Dividend Discount model using three-year management-approved plans, updated for expected changes in the macroeconomic environment. When estimating the VIU of a CGU, local conditions and requirements determine the capital requirements, discount rates, and terminal growth rates. These local conditions and requirements determine the ability to upstream excess capital and profits to ING Group. The discount rate calculation includes other inputs such as equity market premium, country risk premium, and long- term inflation which are based on market sources and management’s judgement. The long-term growth rate is based on the long-term inflation rate obtained from market sources. The impacts of climate risk are included to the extent that they are observable in discount rates and assets prices. Sensitivity of key assumptions Key assumptions in the goodwill impairment test model are the projected locally available cash flows (based on local capital requirements and projected profits), discount rates (cost of equity), and long-term growth rates. The recoverable amounts of the CGUs are sensitive to the above key assumptions. A decrease in the available cash flows of 10%, an increase in the discount rate of 1 percent point or a reduction of the future growth rate to zero are considered reasonably possible changes in key assumptions. If the aforementioned changes occur to one of the above key assumptions holding the other key assumptions constant, goodwill of the remaining CGUs will continue to be recoverable. Software Software includes internally developed software amounting to EUR 956 million (2024: EUR 768 million). Software capitalisation amounts increased in 2025 following the significant IT-platform investments in our Retail business. Software is reviewed for indicators of impairment. Irrespective of whether there is an indication of impairment, software under development is tested annually for impairment.
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