Cash and due from banks includes cash equivalents, cash on hand and cash due from other banks. Interest-earning deposits and other securities with financial institutions consists primarily of interest-bearing deposits and short-term money market investments.

Cash that the Bank pledges as maintenance margin on centrally cleared derivatives is considered restricted cash given that it is held in a separate account on the Bank’s behalf and we cannot remove the funds without changing the legal nature of our derivative arrangement. Restricted Cash is included in Other assets on the Consolidated Statements of Condition.

Debt securities that are classified as "available for sale" are carried at their estimated fair value, with any unrealized gains or losses, net of taxes, reported as Accumulated other comprehensive loss. Premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized to expense and accreted to income, respectively, over their remaining life using the effective interest method and are adjusted for anticipated prepayments. Interest income on our debt securities is recognized when earned and recorded in Securities and money market investments on the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income.

We evaluate available-for-sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions on a quarterly basis to determine if any portion of the unrealized losses in Accumulated other comprehensive loss is a result of a credit loss or other factors.

For debt securities we intend to sell or it is more likely than not we will be required to sell the security before the recovery of the unrealized loss, the difference between the fair value and amortized cost basis of the security is considered impaired and is recognized in Other non-interest income on the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income.

For debt securities we do not intend to sell or it is not more likely than not to be required to be sold before the recovery of their amortized cost basis, the credit portion of the impairment is recognized through an ACL while the noncredit portion is recognized in OCI. To determine the credit portion, we evaluate the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis.

Debt securities are valued based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Securities such as highly liquid government securities and exchange-traded securities are valued based on quoted prices in an active market. For securities where a quoted price is not available, then the fair value is estimated using pricing models. These pricing models primarily use market-based or independently-sourced market parameters as inputs, including, but not limited to, yield curves, interest rates, equity or debt prices, and credit spreads. The models also incorporate transaction details such as maturity and cash flow assumptions. Securities valued in this manner primarily include mortgage-related and corporate debt securities.

Equity investments with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in Net gain on investment securities in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income. We do not consider contractual restrictions on the sale of equity securities when measuring fair value. Dividend income on these securities is included in Securities and money market investments on the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income.

We classify loans as held for sale when we originate or purchase loans that we intend to sell or when we change our intent for loans previously classified as held for investment. Loans held for sale may be carried at the lower of cost or fair value or at fair value where we have elected the fair value option. Gains and losses on loans held for sale for which we have elected the fair value option are recorded to Other noninterest income on the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income.

We elect to measure certain groups of loans held for sale under the fair value option, primarily residential mortgage loans. The fair value of loans held for sale for which we have elected the fair value option is estimated based upon quoted market prices for securities backed by similar types of loans, where available, or by discounting estimated cash flows using observable inputs inclusive of interest rates, prepayment speeds and loss assumptions for similar collateral.

We classify loans that we have the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity as loans held for investment. We report loans held for investment at their amortized cost which includes the outstanding principal balance adjusted for any unamortized premiums, discounts, deferred fees and costs, hedge accounting adjustments and fair value adjustments for acquired loans.

We recognize interest income on loans using the effective interest method over the life of the loan. Accordingly, we defer certain loan origination and commitment fees, and certain loan origination costs, and amortize the net fee or cost as an adjustment to the loan yield over the term of the related loan. When a loan is sold or repaid, the remaining net unamortized fee or cost is recognized in interest income.

A loan generally is classified as a "non-accrual" loan when it is determined that we no longer expect to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. This may occur upon the performance of a credit review of a loan or borrower when a loan is 90 days or more past due or when we are made aware of new facts and circumstances that may impact a borrower's ability to pay in accordance with the contractual loan terms. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, we cease the accrual of interest owed, and previously accrued interest is reversed against Interest Income - Loans and leases. Interest received on non-accrual loans is recorded as a reduction to the outstanding principal. A loan is only returned to accrual status when the loan is current (typically six months of payment performance) and we have reasonable assurance that the loan will be fully collectible. When we have reasonable assurance that the loan will be fully collectible, then interest payments may be recognized in interest income on a cash basis.

We charge off loans, or portions of loans, when they are deemed uncollectible. The collectability of individual loans is determined through an assessment of the financial condition and repayment capacity of the borrower and/or through an estimate of the fair value of any underlying collateral. For non-real estate-related consumer credits, the following past-due time periods determine when charge-offs are typically recorded: (1) closed-end credits are charged off in the quarter that the loan becomes 120 days past due; (2) open-end credits are charged off in the quarter that the loan becomes 180 days past due; and (3) both closed-end and open-end credits are typically charged off in the quarter that the credit is 60 days past the date the Bank received notification that the borrower has filed for bankruptcy.

The ACL represents our estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining contractual terms of our loans and leases, and unfunded off-balance sheet commitments. The ACL is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans and leases so that the Statement of Condition reflects the net amount we expect to collect.

We reduce our ACL when a loan is charged off and increase the ACL when we recognize a recovery, which generally occurs upon cash collection. We remeasure our ACL on a quarterly basis with any changes recorded as a provision for (or benefit from) credit losses.

Determining the ACL requires significant judgment and assumptions and is based on ongoing assessments of historical credit loss information, forecasts of market and economic conditions, and qualitative factors considered relevant and appropriate by management.

The ACL represents an estimate of credit losses over the remaining expected life of our loans and leases. Expected life is determined considering the contractual term and prepayment expectations. We group our loans and leases into collectively evaluated pools when similar characteristics exist.

Our pools of loans and leases include multi-family, commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, 1-4 family, and other consumer. The ACL for collectively evaluated loans is estimated using models that project the probability of default and loss given default. These models consider borrower and collateral characteristics and a forecast of market and economic variables over a reasonable and supportable period. We leverage a forecast of market and economic conditions from established independent third parties and consider these to be reasonable and supportable for a period of two years from their estimation period. Beyond this period, our forecasts revert on a straight-line basis to long run historical averages over a one-year period. The ACL for collectively evaluated loans is derived using a weighted average of three scenarios, consisting of a most likely outcome (baseline), and two less probable scenarios with one being a stronger-near-term growth outcome (upside), and the other being a moderate recession outcome (downside).

We consider the need for qualitative adjustments to reflect trends not fully captured by the models. These may include adjustments for changes in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, credit terms, the financial condition of the borrower or collateral conditions. Qualitative adjustments may also include specific idiosyncratic risks such as changes in environmental conditions, legislation, regulation, policies, administrative practices or other relevant factors. Given the dynamic nature of qualitative adjustments, the factors considered by management and their relative impact to the ACL may vary from period to period.

Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. These generally include loans that are in non-accrual status and loans that are designated as TDMs. If a loan is determined to be collateral dependent or meets the criteria to apply the collateral-dependent practical expedient, expected credit losses are generally determined based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, less costs to sell, as appropriate.

We maintain an ACL on off-balance sheet unfunded commitments which is included in Other liabilities. We estimate expected credit losses over the contractual period in which we are exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable. The ACL estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses considering the same elements as those analyzed when determining the allowance for funded loans and leases. Adjustments to the reserve for unfunded commitments are included in the Provision for credit losses in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income.

We review our finite-lived intangible assets for impairment if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Our largest intangible asset is the core deposit intangible recorded as a result of acquisitions.

We purchased and originated mortgage loans for sale to the secondary market and sold the loans on either a servicing-retained or servicing-released basis. If we retained the right to service the loan, an MSR was created at the time of sale which was recorded at fair value. We used an internal valuation model that utilized an option-adjusted spread, constant prepayment speeds, costs to service and other assumptions to determine the fair value of mortgage servicing rights.

Servicing fee income, late fees and ancillary fees received on loans for which we owned the MSR as well as changes in the fair value of our mortgage servicing rights were included in Non-interest income - Net return on mortgage servicing rights

in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income. The fees were based on the outstanding principal and were recorded when earned. Subservicing fees, which were included in Non-interest income - Net loan administration income, were based on a contractual monthly amount per loan including late fees and other ancillary income.

Premises, furniture, fixtures, and equipment, and leasehold improvements are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets or the shorter of the related lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvement. The estimated useful lives for premises and equipment assets are as follows:

Whenever events or changes in circumstances dictate, we test our premises and equipment for impairment. In the event the carrying amount of the long-lived asset is not recoverable, an impairment loss is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group against its fair value. Impairments of our premises and equipment are recorded in Non-interest expense - General and administrative in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded to recognize the future tax impact attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We consider our expectation of future taxable income and establish a valuation allowance when realization of a deferred tax asset is not considered to be “more likely than not.”

We estimate income taxes payable based on the amount we expect to owe the various federal, state and local tax authorities. In estimating income taxes, we assess the relative merits and risks of the appropriate tax treatment of transactions, taking into account statutory, judicial, and regulatory guidance in the context of our tax position. In this process, we also rely on tax opinions, recent audits, and historical experience. Although we use the best available information to record income taxes, underlying estimates and assumptions can change over time as a result of unanticipated events or circumstances such as changes in tax laws and judicial guidance influencing our overall tax position.

Derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value in Other assets and Other liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Condition on a gross basis, even when provisions allowing for set-off are in place. The accounting for changes in fair value of each derivative financial instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as an accounting hedge, as well as the type of hedging relationship.

Premiums paid on certain hedging instruments are accounted for separately and are amortized over the life of the derivative. The amortization of these premiums is recorded in Interest expense - Borrowed funds in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income.

Derivatives subject to master netting agreements are cleared through a Central Counterparty Clearing House, which mitigates non-performance risk with counterparties and enables us to settle activity on a net basis.

Derivative contracts cleared through certain central clearing parties are settled daily via the exchange of variation margin. We may exchange additional cash collateral with the derivative counterparties for initial margin. We believe that the non-performance risk inherent in our remaining derivative contracts is minimal based on credit standards and the collateral provisions of the derivative agreements.

We utilize interest rate swaps and caps to meet the needs of customers. We also enter into interest rate lock commitments, which are commitments to originate mortgage loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding and the customers have locked into that interest rate. Market risk on interest rate lock commitments and mortgage loans held for sale may be managed using corresponding forward sale commitments. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are recognized in current period earnings on the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income.

In prior periods, we had designated certain interest rate swaps to manage the variability in cash flows associated with overnight SOFR-based variable interest payments on FHLB advances. The changes in the fair value of these contracts were recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and were reclassified into Interest expense – Borrowed funds in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income in the same period in which the hedged transactions were recognized in earnings.

We designate certain fixed-rate to variable-rate interest rate swaps as fair value hedges to hedge the changes in the fair value of certain debt securities available-for-sale. We designate certain fixed-rate to variable-rate interest rate swaps as fair value hedges to hedge the changes in the fair value of certain of our pools of fixed-rate loans. The changes in the fair value of these contracts and the hedged item are recognized in Interest income - Loans and leases or Interest income - Securities and money market investments in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income.

When we elect to de-designate a hedge relationship or a derivative no longer qualifies as an effective fair value hedge, the derivative continues to be carried on the Consolidated Statements of Condition at fair value with the total change in fair value recognized over the remaining life of the previously hedged item.

For additional information regarding the accounting for derivatives, see Note 15 - Derivative and Hedging Activities and for additional information on recurring fair value disclosures, see Note 18 - Fair Value Measurement.

Fair value is an “exit” price, representing the amount that would be received when selling an asset, or paid when transferring a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Fair value is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

•Level 2 – Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

•Level 3 – Inputs to the valuation methodology contain significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants use in pricing an asset or liability.

Our pension benefit obligations and the related costs are calculated using actuarial concepts in accordance with GAAP. The measurement of this obligation and the related expenses require that certain assumptions be made, most notably the discount rate and the expected rate of return on plan assets.

To determine the discount rate, we consider rates of return on high-quality fixed-income investments that are currently available and are expected to be available during the period until the pension benefits are paid. The expected future payments are discounted based on a portfolio of high-quality rated bonds (AA or better) for which we rely on the Financial Times Stock Exchange (“FTSE”) Pension Liability Index that is published as of the measurement date.

The expected long-term rate of return on retirement plan assets assumption is based on historical returns earned by equities and fixed income securities and adjusted to reflect expectations of future returns as applied to the retirement plan’s target allocation of asset classes. Equities and fixed income securities were assumed to earn long-term rates of return in the ranges of 6 percent to 8 percent and 3 percent to 5 percent, respectively, with an assumed long-term inflation rate of 2.5 percent reflected within these ranges. When these overall return expectations are applied to the retirement plan’s target allocations, the result is an expected rate of return of 5 percent to 7 percent.

We recognize compensation expense for our stock-based awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Unvested shares are forfeited upon termination, including retirement, other than in cases of death or long-term disability, which may result in accelerated vesting. Compensation expense related to stock option awards is based on the estimated fair value of the stock option award on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Compensation expense related to restricted stock awards is based upon the fair value of the award on the grant date. Forfeitures of stock options and restricted stock awards are accounted for as they occur.

We provide leases for equipment included in our commercial loan portfolio. These qualify as direct financing leases which are recorded based upon the lease payments, estimated residual values and direct costs, excluding unearned income and uses the implicit interest rate to determine the value. Lease terms typically range from 24 to 120 months. We base residual value estimates on asset life, market value, and lessee behavior using industry data and third-party appraisals. At the end of the lease term, the lessee can renew the lease term, return, or purchase the equipment at its fair value. Impairment of residual value occurs if its fair value is less than the carrying amount. We review our direct financing leases for impairment at least annually. We utilize residual value insurance for certain of our direct finance leases.

We have operating leases for offices, branches, equipment and other items, generally with terms of 20 years or less. Certain leases contain options to extend or terminate early and we consider these options when evaluating the lease term to determine if they are reasonably certain to be exercised based on all relevant economic and financial factors.

At lease inception, lease liabilities are recognized in Other liabilities based on the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using our incremental borrowing rate if no implicit rate in the lease is available. Right-of-use assets, recognized in Other assets, represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and are initially equal to the lease liability, adjusted for any payments made prior to lease commencement and any lease incentives.

Revenue is recognized when obligations, under the terms of a contract with our customer, are satisfied, which generally occurs when services are performed. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for providing services.

Deposit account and other banking income - We charge depositors various deposit account service fees including those for outgoing wires, overdrafts, stop payments, and ATM fees. These fees are generated from a depositor’s option to purchase services offered under the contract and are only considered a contract when the depositor exercises their option to purchase these account services. Therefore, we deem the term of our contracts with depositors to be day-to-day and to not extend beyond the services already provided. Deposit account and other banking fees are recorded at the point in time we perform the requested service.

Interchange income - We collect interchange fee income when debit cards that we have issued to our customers are used in merchant transactions. Our performance obligation is satisfied and revenue is recognized at the point we initiate the payment of funds from a customer’s account to a merchant account.

Treasury management fee income - We collect fees for treasury management services provided to corporate and institutional clients, including services related to liquidity management, payments and collections, financial risk management,

EPS is calculated under the two-class method as the unvested RSUs granted by the Bank are considered participating securities due to the awards' non-forfeitable rights to dividends paid on our common stock. Under the two-class method, all earnings, distributed and undistributed, are allocated to common stock and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends on our common stock.

Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing Net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding in the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive securities that are outstanding. The potential dilutive effect of our warrants and convertible preferred stock is determined using the if-converted method and the potential dilutive effect of our stock options and stock-based awards is determined using the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive common shares are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods where the effect would be antidilutive.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures," which amends the disclosure requirement for income taxes. ASU 2023-09 requires (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. It also updates certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. We adopted this standard on a retrospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2023-09 did not have an impact of our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows, as the standard only affects disclosures.

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-08, "Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Purchased Loans," which expanded the gross-up approach for initial recognition and measurement of acquired financial assets to purchased seasoned loans. The adoption of ASU 2025-08 did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Hedge Accounting Improvements," which clarifies certain aspects of the guidance on hedge accounting and addresses several incremental hedge accounting issues arising from global reference rate reform. The adoption of ASU 2025-09 did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses," which requires additional

interim and annual disclosures that further disaggregate certain expense captions into specific categories in a separate note to the financial statements, as well as certain qualitative information describing amounts not separately disaggregated. ASU 2024-03 is effective for us in the annual period beginning on January 1, 2027 and interim periods beginning January 1, 2028 and can be applied on a prospective or retroactive basis, with early adoption permitted. We are in the process of assessing the impact of the adoption of ASU 2024-03 on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, "Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments," which clarifies the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as an “induced conversion.” ASU 2024-04 is effective for us in the annual period beginning on January 1, 2026 and can be applied on either a prospective or a retrospective basis, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect ASU 2024-04 to have a material impact on our financial statements upon adoption.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, "Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software," which increases the operability of the recognition guidance considering different methods of software development. ASU 2025-06 is effective for us in the annual period beginning on January 1, 2028 and can be applied on a prospective, modified, or a retrospective transition approach, with early adoption permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. We are in the process of assessing the impact of the adoption of ASU 2025-06 on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, "Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements," which clarifies interim disclosure requirements. ASU 2025-11 is effective for us in the annual period beginning January 1, 2028 and can be applied on a prospective or retrospective basis, with early adoption permitted. We are in the process of assessing the impact of the adoption of ASU 2025-11 on our consolidated financial statements.