Market Risk. The market price of a security or instrument may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic, political, or geopolitical conditions throughout the world, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, or adverse investor sentiment generally. The market value of a security or instrument also may decline because of factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as tariffs, labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, acts of terrorism, international conflicts, trade disputes, supply chain disruptions, cybersecurity events, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, natural disasters or climate events, or other events could have a significant impact on a security or instrument. The increasing interconnectivity between global economies and financial markets increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market.

Futures Risk. The Fund’s use of futures contracts expose the Fund to leverage and tracking risks because a small investment in futures contracts may produce large losses and futures contracts may not be perfect substitutes for securities. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in correlation with the value of the underlying instrument. Risks of futures contracts may arise from an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures and the price of the underlying instrument. The Fund’s use of futures contracts exposes the Fund to leverage risk because of the small margin requirements relative to the value of the futures contract. A relatively small market movement will have a proportionately larger impact on the funds that the Fund has deposited or will have to deposit with a broker to maintain its futures position. Leverage can lead to large losses as well as gains. While futures contracts are generally liquid instruments, under certain market conditions they may become illiquid. Futures exchanges may impose daily or intraday price change limits and/or limit the volume of trading. Additionally, government regulation may further reduce liquidity through similar trading restrictions. As a result, the Fund may be unable to close out its futures contracts at a time that is advantageous. The price of futures can be highly volatile; using them could lower total return, and the potential loss from futures could exceed the Fund’s initial investment in such contracts.

Options Risk. Purchasing and writing put and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks. The Fund may not fully benefit from or may lose money on an option if changes in its value do not correspond as anticipated to changes in the value of the underlying securities. If the Fund is not able to sell an option held in its portfolio, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase or sale of the underlying securities. Ownership of options involves the payment of premiums, which may adversely affect the Fund’s performance. To the extent that the Fund invests in over-the-counter options, the Fund may be exposed to counterparty risk.

Speculative Exposure Risk. Gains or losses from speculative positions in a derivative may be much greater than the derivative’s original cost. For example, potential losses from swaps and speculative short sales are unlimited.

Equity Risk. The Fund may obtain exposure to equity securities. The value of equity securities may fall due to general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors relating to specific companies in which the Fund invests.

Foreign Investment Risk. The prices of foreign securities may be more volatile than the prices of securities of U.S. issuers because of economic and social conditions abroad, political developments, and changes in the regulatory environments of foreign countries. Changes in exchange rates and interest rates, and the imposition of sanctions, confiscations, trade restrictions (including tariffs) and other government restrictions by the United States and/or other governments may adversely affect the values of the Fund’s foreign investments. Foreign companies are generally subject to different legal and accounting standards than U.S. companies, and foreign financial intermediaries may be subject to less supervision and regulation than U.S. financial firms. Foreign securities include American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”). Unsponsored ADRs and GDRs are organized independently and without the cooperation of the foreign issuer of the underlying securities, and involve additional risks because U.S. reporting requirements do not apply. In addition, the issuing bank may deduct shareholder distribution, custody, foreign currency exchange, and other fees from the payment of dividends. Emerging markets tend to be more volatile than the markets of more mature economies and generally have less diverse and less mature economic structures and less stable political systems than those of developed countries.

Counterparty Risk. The Fund will be exposed to the credit of the counterparties to over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative contracts and repurchase agreements and their ability to satisfy the terms of the agreements, which exposes the Fund to the risk that the counterparties may default on their obligations to perform under the agreements. In the event of a bankruptcy or insolvency of a counterparty, the fund could experience delays in liquidating the positions and significant losses, including declines in the value of its investment during the period in which the Fund seeks to enforce its rights, inability to realize any gains on its investment during such period, loss of collateral and fees and expenses incurred in enforcing its rights.

Interest Rate Risk. Generally fixed income securities decrease in value if interest rates rise and increase in value if interest rates fall, with longer-term securities being more sensitive than shorter-term securities. For example, the price of a security with a three-year duration would be expected to drop by approximately 3% in response to a 1% increase in interest rates. Generally, the longer the maturity and duration of a bond or fixed rate loan, the more sensitive it is to this risk. Falling interest rates also create the potential for a decline in the Fund’s income. Changes in governmental policy, rising inflation rates, and general economic developments, among other factors, could cause interest rates to increase and could have a substantial and immediate effect on the values of the Fund’s investments. In addition, a potential rise in interest rates may result in periods of volatility and increased redemptions that might require the Fund to liquidate portfolio securities at disadvantageous prices and times.

Liquidity Risk. The Fund may not be able to sell some or all of the investments that it holds due to a lack of demand in the marketplace or other factors such as market turmoil, or if the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid asset to meet redemption requests or other cash needs it may only be able to sell those investments at a loss. Illiquid assets may also be difficult to value.

Currency Risk. The values of investments in securities denominated in foreign currencies increase or decrease as the rates of exchange between those currencies and the U.S. dollar change. Currency conversion costs and currency fluctuations could erase investment gains or add to investment losses. Currency exchange rates can be volatile and are affected by factors such as general economic conditions, the actions of the United States and foreign governments or central banks, the imposition of currency controls, and speculation.

Crypto Asset Risk. Crypto assets, such as bitcoin and ether, are digital assets that are designed to act as a medium of exchange. Despite being referred to as “currencies,” crypto assets are not widely accepted as a medium of exchange, and there is no guarantee that they will ever be accepted as such. The value of the Fund’s indirect investments in crypto assets, through Crypto Asset ETPs and Crypto Asset Futures, is subject to fluctuations in the value of the underlying crypto assets. The value of a crypto asset is determined by the supply of and demand for the crypto asset in the global market, which consists of transactions on electronic exchanges. Pricing on exchanges and other venues can be volatile and can adversely affect the value of the Fund’s exposure to the crypto asset. Currently, there is relatively limited use of crypto assets in the retail and commercial marketplace in comparison to the relatively large use of crypto assets by speculators, thus contributing to price volatility that could adversely affect the Fund’s investments. Crypto asset transactions are irrevocable, and stolen or incorrectly transferred crypto assets may be irretrievable. As a result, any incorrectly executed transactions could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments in Crypto Asset ETPs and Crypto Asset Futures.

Crypto assets generally operate without central authority (such as a bank) and are not backed by any government; therefore crypto assets are not subject to the same degree of regulation as are registered U.S. securities. The reporting, accounting and auditing standards for crypto assets may differ from the standards for registered U.S. securities. Due to the unregulated nature and lack of transparency surrounding the operations of crypto asset platforms, which may experience fraud, manipulation, security failures or operational problems, as well as the wider crypto asset market, the value of a crypto asset and, consequently, the value of the Fund’s investments in Crypto Asset ETPs and Crypto Asset Futures may be adversely affected.

The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of management fees and other expenses that are charged by Crypto Asset ETPs in addition to its own direct expenses and will pay brokerage commissions in connection with the purchase and sale of shares of Crypto Asset ETPs. Like other exchange-traded products, the shares of Crypto Asset ETPs may be bought and sold in the secondary market and may trade at a premium or discount to their

net asset value. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant and the bid-ask spread could widen. Although the shares are listed for trading on an exchange, it cannot be assumed that an active trading market for the shares will be maintained. The lack of an active trading market for the shares may result in limited market liquidity and losses when selling the shares.

In addition, Crypto Asset ETPs have a limited number of financial institutions that may act as authorized participants (“Aps”) and there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent that (i) Aps exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other Aps step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform such functions, shares may trade at a material discount to NAV, the bid-ask spread could widen, and shares could face trading halts and/or delisting.

Crypto Asset ETPs are not registered investment companies under the 1940 Act or commodity pools under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”), and therefore investors in Crypto Asset ETPs do not have the regulatory protections associated with ownership of shares in an investment company registered under the 1940 Act or the protections afforded by the CEA. Moreover, as sponsors of Crypto Asset ETPs have a limited track record in operating investment vehicles that specifically deal with crypto assets, their experience may be inadequate or unsuitable to manage them.

Management and Strategy Risk. The value of your investment depends on the judgment of the Fund’s advisor about the quality, relative yield, value or market trends affecting a particular security, industry, sector or region, which may prove to be incorrect. The Fund also bears the risk that the proprietary model used by the portfolio manager will not be successful in identifying investments that will help the Fund achieve its investment objective, causing the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.

Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is classified as “non-diversified,” which means the Fund may invest a larger percentage of its assets in the securities of a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. Investment in securities of a limited number of issuers exposes the Fund to greater market risk and potential losses than if its assets were diversified among the securities of a greater number of issuers.

Issuer Risk. Issuer-specific attributes may cause a security held by the Fund to be more volatile than the market generally. The prices of, and income generated by, securities held by the Fund may decline in response to various factors directly related to the issuers of such securities, including reduced demand for an issuer’s goods or services, poor management performance, major litigation, investigations or other controversies related to the issuer, changes in the issuer’s financial condition or credit rating, changes in government regulation affecting the issuer or its competitive environment, and strategic initiatives such as mergers, acquisitions or dispositions and the market response to any such initiatives. An individual security may also be affected by factors related to the industry or sector of the issuer or the securities markets as a whole, and conversely an industry or sector or the securities markets may be affected by a change in financial condition or another event affecting a single issuer. The value of an individual security or particular type of security may be more volatile than the market as a whole and may perform differently from the value of the market as a whole. At times, the Fund may invest more significantly in a single issuer, which could increase the Fund’s volatility and the risk of loss arising from the factors described above.

Recent Market Events. Periods of market volatility may occur in response to market events, public health emergencies, natural disasters or climate events, and other economic, political, and global macro factors. U.S. and international markets have recently experienced, and may continue to experience, periods of significant volatility due to various factors, including uncertainty regarding inflation and central banks’ interest rate changes, the possibility of a national or global recession, trade tensions and tariffs, and political and geopolitical events. In addition, wars or threats of war and aggression, such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and conflicts among nations and militant groups in the Middle East, have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on the U.S. and world economies and markets generally, each of which may negatively impact the Fund’s investments. Additionally, since the change in the U.S. presidential administration in 2025, the administration has pursued and aggressive foreign policy agenda, including actual or potential imposition of tariffs, which may have consequences on the United States’ relations with foreign countries, the economy, and markets generally. These and other similar events could be prolonged and could adversely affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments, impair the Fund’s ability to satisfy redemption requests, and negatively impact the Fund’s performance.

Market Risk. The market price of a security or instrument may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic, political, or geopolitical conditions throughout the world, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, or adverse investor sentiment generally. The market value of a security or instrument also may decline because of factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as tariffs, labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, acts of terrorism, international conflicts, trade disputes, supply chain disruptions, cybersecurity events, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, natural disasters or climate events, or other events could have a significant impact on a security or instrument. The increasing interconnectivity between global economies and financial markets increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market.

Futures Risk. The Fund’s use of futures contracts expose the Fund to leverage and tracking risks because a small investment in futures contracts may produce large losses and futures contracts may not be perfect substitutes for securities. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in correlation with the value of the underlying instrument. Risks of futures contracts may arise from an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures and the price of the underlying instrument. The Fund’s use of futures contracts exposes the Fund to leverage risk because of the small margin requirements relative to the value of the futures contract. A relatively small market movement will have a proportionately larger impact on the funds that the Fund has deposited or will have to deposit with a broker to maintain its futures position. Leverage can lead to large losses as well as gains. While futures contracts are generally liquid instruments, under certain market conditions they may become illiquid. Futures exchanges may impose daily or intraday price change limits and/or limit the volume of trading. Additionally, government regulation may further reduce liquidity through similar trading restrictions. As a result, the Fund may be unable to close out its futures contracts at a time that is advantageous. The price of futures can be highly volatile; using them could lower total return, and the potential loss from futures could exceed the Fund’s initial investment in such contracts.

Options Risk. Purchasing and writing put and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks. The Fund may not fully benefit from or may lose money on an option if changes in its value do not correspond as anticipated to changes in the value of the underlying securities. If the Fund is not able to sell an option held in its portfolio, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase or sale of the underlying securities. Ownership of options involves the payment of premiums, which may adversely affect the Fund’s performance. To the extent that the Fund invests in over-the-counter options, the Fund may be exposed to counterparty risk.

Speculative Exposure Risk. Gains or losses from speculative positions in a derivative may be much greater than the derivative’s original cost. For example, potential losses from swaps and speculative short sales are unlimited.

Equity Risk. The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors relating to specific companies in which the Fund invests.

Fixed Income Securities Risk. The prices of fixed income securities respond to economic developments, particularly interest rate changes, as well as to changes in an issuer’s credit rating or market perceptions about the creditworthiness of an issuer. Generally, fixed income securities decrease in value if interest rates rise and increase in value if interest rates fall, and longer-term and lower rated securities are more volatile than shorter-term and higher rated securities.

Foreign Investment Risk. The prices of foreign securities may be more volatile than the prices of securities of U.S. issuers because of economic and social conditions abroad, political developments, and changes in the regulatory environments of foreign countries. Changes in exchange rates and interest rates, and the imposition of sanctions, confiscations, trade restrictions (including tariffs) and other government restrictions by the United States and/or other governments may adversely affect the values of the Fund’s foreign investments. Foreign companies are generally subject to different legal and accounting standards than U.S. companies, and foreign financial intermediaries may be subject to less supervision and regulation than U.S. financial firms. Foreign securities include ADRs and GDRs. Unsponsored ADRs and GDRs are organized independently and without the cooperation of the foreign issuer of the underlying securities, and involve additional risks because U.S. reporting requirements do not apply. In addition, the issuing bank may deduct shareholder distribution, custody, foreign currency exchange, and other fees from the payment of dividends. Emerging markets tend to be more volatile than the markets of more mature economies and generally have less diverse and less mature economic structures and less stable political systems than those of developed countries.

Repurchase Agreement Risk. Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by the Fund of fixed-income securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank or broker-dealer. The Fund may incur a loss if the other party to a repurchase agreement is unwilling or unable to fulfill its contractual obligations to repurchase the underlying security.

Credit Risk. If an issuer or guarantor of a debt security held by the Fund or a counterparty to a financial contract with the Fund defaults or is downgraded or is perceived to be less creditworthy, or if the value of the assets underlying a security declines, the value of the Fund’s portfolio will typically decline.

ETF and Mutual Fund Risk. Investing in ETFs or mutual funds (including other funds managed by the Fund’s advisor) will provide the Fund with exposure to the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETFs or mutual funds hold. Shares of ETFs typically trade on securities exchanges and may at times trade at a premium or discount to their net asset values. In addition, an ETF or a mutual fund, if the mutual fund is an index fund, may not replicate exactly the performance of the benchmark index it seeks to track for a number of reasons, including transaction costs incurred by the ETF or mutual fund, the temporary unavailability of certain index securities in the secondary market, or discrepancies between the ETF or mutual fund and the index with respect to the weighting of securities or the number of securities held. It may be more expensive for the Fund to invest in an ETF or mutual fund than to own the portfolio securities of these investment vehicles directly. Investing in ETFs and mutual funds, which are investment companies, involves duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. The Fund will pay brokerage commissions in connection with the purchase and sale of shares of ETFs. In addition, the Fund may invest in underlying funds which invest a larger portion of their assets in one or more sectors than many other mutual funds, and thus will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those sectors.

Arbitrage or Fundamental Risk. Employing arbitrage and alternative strategies has the risk that anticipated opportunities do not play out as planned, resulting in potentially reduced returns or losses to the Fund as it unwinds unsuccessful investments.

Liquidity Risk. The Fund may not be able to sell some or all of the investments that it holds due to a lack of demand in the marketplace or other factors such as market turmoil, or if the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid asset to meet redemption requests or other cash needs it may only be able to sell those investments at a loss. Illiquid assets may also be difficult to value.

Currency Risk. The values of investments in securities denominated in foreign currencies increase or decrease as the rates of exchange between those currencies and the U.S. dollar change. Currency conversion costs and currency fluctuations could erase investment gains or add to investment losses. Currency exchange rates can be volatile and are affected by factors such as general economic conditions, the actions of the United States and foreign governments or central banks, the imposition of currency controls, and speculation.

Crypto Asset Risk. Crypto assets, such as bitcoin and ether, are digital assets that are designed to act as a medium of exchange. Despite being referred to as “currencies,” crypto assets are not widely accepted as a medium of exchange, and there is no guarantee that they will ever be accepted as such. The value of the Fund’s indirect investments in crypto assets, through Crypto Asset ETPs and Crypto Asset Futures, is subject to fluctuations in the value of the underlying crypto assets. The value of a crypto asset is determined by the supply of and demand for the crypto asset in the global market, which consists of transactions on electronic exchanges. Pricing on exchanges and other venues can be volatile and can adversely affect the value of the Fund’s exposure to the crypto asset. Currently, there is relatively limited use of crypto assets in the retail and commercial marketplace in comparison to the relatively large use of crypto assets by speculators, thus contributing to price volatility that could adversely affect the Fund’s investments. Crypto asset transactions are irrevocable, and stolen or incorrectly transferred crypto assets may be irretrievable. As a result, any incorrectly executed transactions could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments in Crypto Asset ETPs and Crypto Asset Futures.

Crypto assets generally operate without central authority (such as a bank) and are not backed by any government; therefore crypto assets are not subject to the same degree of regulation as are registered U.S. securities. The reporting, accounting and auditing standards for crypto assets may differ from the standards for registered U.S. securities. Due to the unregulated nature and lack of transparency surrounding the operations of crypto asset platforms, which may experience fraud, manipulation, security failures or operational problems, as well as the wider crypto asset market, the value of a crypto asset and, consequently, the value of the Fund’s investments in Crypto Asset ETPs and Crypto Asset Futures may be adversely affected.

The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of management fees and other expenses that are charged by Crypto Asset ETPs in addition to its own direct expenses and will pay brokerage commissions in connection with the purchase and sale of shares of Crypto Asset ETPs. Like other exchange-traded products, the shares of Crypto Asset ETPs may be bought and sold in the secondary market and may trade at a premium or discount to their net asset value. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods

when there is limited trading activity in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant and the bid-ask spread could widen. Although the shares are listed for trading on an exchange, it cannot be assumed that an active trading market for the shares will be maintained. The lack of an active trading market for the shares may result in limited market liquidity and losses when selling the shares.

In addition, Crypto Asset ETPs have a limited number of financial institutions that may act as authorized participants (“APs”) and there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent that (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform such functions, shares may trade at a material discount to NAV, the bid-ask spread could widen, and shares could face trading halts and/or delisting.

Crypto Asset ETPs are not registered investment companies under the 1940 Act or commodity pools under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”), and therefore investors in Crypto Asset ETPs do not have the regulatory protections associated with ownership of shares in an investment company registered under the 1940 Act or the protections afforded by the CEA. Moreover, as sponsors of Crypto Asset ETPs have a limited track record in operating investment vehicles that specifically deal with crypto assets, their experience may be inadequate or unsuitable to manage them.

Management and Strategy Risk. The value of your investment depends on the judgment of the Fund’s advisor about the quality, relative yield, value or market trends affecting a particular security, industry, sector or region, which may prove to be incorrect. The Fund also bears the risk that the proprietary model used by the portfolio manager will not be successful in identifying investments that will help the Fund achieve its investment objective, causing the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.

Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is classified as “non-diversified,” which means the Fund may invest a larger percentage of its assets in the securities of a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. Investment in securities of a limited number of issuers exposes the Fund to greater market risk and potential losses than if its assets were diversified among the securities of a greater number of issuers.

Tax Risk. To qualify for the tax treatment available to regulated investment companies under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from sources treated as “qualifying income.” Income derived from direct investments in commodities or certain crypto assets is not “qualifying income.” In addition, the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) has issued a revenue ruling concluding that income and gains from certain commodity-linked derivatives

does not constitute “qualifying income.” Investment through the Subsidiary is expected to allow the Fund to gain exposure to the commodity markets and crypto assets within the limitations of the federal tax law requirements applicable to regulated investment companies. The tax treatment of the Fund’s investment in commodity interests or in the Subsidiary could nevertheless be adversely affected by future legislation or Treasury regulations.

Investment through the Subsidiary may affect the timing and character of income and gain recognized by the Fund, and of distributions to shareholders. For example, the tax treatment of any gains/losses from trading in 1256 futures contracts, such as exchange-traded commodity futures contracts, are generally taxed 60% as long-term capital gains/losses and 40% short-term capital gains/losses. However, because the Subsidiary is a “controlled foreign corporation” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, any income or gain recognized in respect of its investments in 1256 futures contracts will be passed through to the Fund as ordinary income, and distributions attributable to such income and gains will generally be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.

Government-Sponsored Entities Risk. The Fund’s investment in U.S. government obligations may include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government, or its agencies or instrumentalities. There can be no assurance that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) when it is not obligated to do so.

Cybersecurity Risk. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets, customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Advisor and/or other service providers (including custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or loss of operational functionality. In an extreme case, a shareholder’s ability to exchange or redeem Fund shares may be affected. The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning could exacerbate these risks. Issuers of securities in which the Fund invests are also subject to cybersecurity risks, and the value of those securities could decline if the issuers experience cybersecurity incidents.