Business Segments and Related Information |
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| Business Segments and Related Information [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Business Segments and Related Information | 04 — Business segments and related information Deutsche Bank’s segmental information has been prepared in accordance with the management approach, which requires presentation of the segments on the basis of the internal management reports of the entity which are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker, which is the Deutsche Bank Management Board, in order to assess the financial performance of the business segments and for allocating resources to the business segments. Business segments Deutsche Bank’s segment reporting follows the organizational structure as reflected in the Group’s internal management reporting systems, which are the basis for assessing the financial performance of the business segments and for allocating resources to them. The bank’s business operations are organized in a divisional structure comprising the following business segments: –Corporate Bank –Investment Bank –Private Bank –Asset Management –Corporate & Other The Group consists of the following reportable segments: Corporate Bank, Investment Bank, Private Bank, Asset Management and Corporate & Other. Corporate Bank reports revenues based on three client categories: Institutional Client Services, Corporate Treasury Services and Business Banking. Investment Bank reports revenues in the categories Fixed Income & Currencies (FIC), Investment Banking & Capital Markets as well as Research and Other. Private Bank reports revenues in the client sectors Wealth Management and Personal Banking. Asset Management reports revenues in the categories Management fees, Performance and Transaction fees and Other. Corporate & Other includes revenues, costs and resources held centrally that are not allocated to the individual business segments as well as valuation and timing differences that arise on derivatives used to hedge the Group’s balance sheet. These are accounting impacts, and valuation losses are expected to be recovered over time as the underlying instruments approach maturity. In addition, Corporate & Other contains financial impacts of legacy portfolios, previously reported as the Capital Release Unit. In addition, based on management decisions during the reporting period further divisional changes were introduced as described in the section below. Changes in the presentation for segments Commencing from the first quarter of 2025, Deutsche Bank amended the classification of revenues related to certain revenue sharing activities between the Corporate Bank and the Investment Bank to more accurately reflect the impacts on net interest income and net commission and fee income. These revenue sharing activities include the allocation of foreign exchange revenues with Corporate Bank clients, recorded in the Investment Bank, to the Corporate Bank, as well as the allocation of revenues related to relationship lending activities, recorded in the Corporate Bank, to the Corporate Bank and the Investment Bank. Previously, both allocations were reported in remaining income, but are now directly classified in the respective revenue categories. The change did not result in a change of intersegment revenue allocation between the Corporate Bank and the Investment Bank and had no impact on the Group’s consolidated statement of income. Prior year’s comparatives are presented in the current reporting structure. In the first quarter of 2024, Investment Bank renamed “FIC Sales & Trading” to “Fixed Income & Currencies” and introduced two additional sub‑categories: “Fixed Income & Currencies: Financing” and “Fixed Income & Currencies: Ex Financing”. In the fourth quarter of 2025, Investment Bank renamed “Fixed Income & Currencies: Ex Financing” to “Fixed Income & Currencies: Markets”. These adjustments were made to enhance transparency regarding the composition of FIC’s revenues. In addition, “Origination & Advisory” was renamed to “Investment Banking & Capital Markets” to better reflect the business it focuses on, with revenues continuing to be split in Debt Origination, Equity Origination and Advisory. In addition, Research revenues are reported together with Other in “Research and Other”. Commencing from the first quarter of 2024, Private Bank follows a customer-focused approach by classifying the existing customer base into two distinct global client sectors: “Personal Banking” and “Wealth Management & Private Banking”. In the fourth quarter of 2025, “Wealth Management & Private Banking” was renamed to “Wealth Management”. This approach reflects the focus to serve clients in a more targeted and effective way across the Private Bank. Wealth Management combines the coverage of private banking, high-net-worth and ultra-high-net-worth clients, as well as business clients in selected international businesses (reflecting the ‘Bank for Entrepreneurs’ strategy). The client sector Personal Banking includes retail and affluent customers as well as commercial banking clients in Italy and Spain (i.e., all small business clients and small sized corporate clients that are not covered as part of the Wealth Management client sector). Prior year’s comparatives are presented in the current reporting structure. Within the Private Bank coverage area ‘Wealth Management’, private clients benefit from a wider product range with increased emphasis on investment advice. As a result, in the first quarter of 2024, demand deposits of Private Banking Germany were reclassified to assets under management, ensuring a consistent treatment within ‘Wealth Management’. Prior year’s comparatives are presented in the current reporting structure. Measurement of segment profit or loss Segment reporting requires a presentation of the segment results based on management reporting methods, including a reconciliation between the results of the business segments and the consolidated financial statements, which is presented in the “Segment results of operations” section within this note. The information provided about each segment is based on internal management reporting about segment profit or loss, assets and other information which is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker. Segment assets are presented in the Group’s internal management reporting based on a consolidated view, i.e., the amounts do not include intersegment balances. The Group’s internal management reporting does not consider segment liabilities or interest expense separately. Similarly, depreciation and amortization, tax expenses and other comprehensive income are not presented separately internally and are therefore not disclosed here. Non-IFRS compliant accounting methods used in the Group’s management reporting represent either valuation or classification differences. The largest valuation differences relate to measurement at fair value in management reporting versus measurement at amortized cost under IFRS and to the recognition of trading results from own shares in revenues in management reporting (in the Investment Bank) and in equity under IFRS. The major classification difference relates to noncontrolling interest, which represents the net share of minority shareholders in revenues, provision for credit losses, noninterest expenses and income tax expenses. Noncontrolling interest is reported as a component of the profit before tax of the businesses in management reporting (with a reversal in Corporate & Other) and a component of net income appropriation under IFRS. Since the Group’s business activities are diverse in nature and its operations are integrated, certain estimates and judgments have been made to apportion revenue and expense items among the business segments. The management reporting systems allocate the Group’s external net interest income according to the value of funding consumed or provided by each business segment’s activities, in accordance with the bank’s internal funds transfer pricing framework. Furthermore, to retain comparability with those competitors that have legally independent units with their own equity funding, the Group allocates a net notional interest benefit on its consolidated capital, in line with each segment’s proportion of average shareholders’ equity. Management uses certain measures for equity and related ratios as part of its internal reporting system because it believes that these measures provide it with a useful indication of the financial performance of the business segments. The Group discloses such measures to provide investors and analysts with further insight into how management operates the Group’s businesses and to enable them to better understand the Group’s results. Allocation of Average Shareholder’s Equity Shareholders’ equity is fully allocated to the Group’s segments based on the regulatory capital demand of each segment. Regulatory capital demand reflects the combined contribution of each segment to the Group’s Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio, the Group’s leverage ratio and the Group’s capital loss under stress. Contributions in each of the three dimensions are weighted to reflect their relative importance and level of constraint for the Group. Contributions to the CET1 ratio and the leverage ratio are measured through risk-weighted assets and leverage ratio exposure. The Group’s capital loss under stress is a measure of the Group’s overall economic risk exposure under a defined stress scenario. Goodwill and other intangible assets are directly attributed to the Group’s segments in order to allow the determination of allocated tangible shareholders’ equity and the respective returns. Shareholders’ equity and tangible shareholders’ equity is allocated on a monthly basis and averaged across quarters and for the full year. Changes to capital allocation framework Starting in 2024, Deutsche Bank has changed the allocation of tangible shareholders’ equity across segments. In addition, the bank now retains capital held against Deutsche Bank Group items in Corporate & Other, which has previously been allocated to the segments. Prior year’s comparatives are presented in the current reporting structure. While the adjustment of the prior periods’ allocations impact the segmental RoTE, the respective Group metrics are unaffected by the change. Beginning in December 2025, Deutsche Bank revised the allocation of (tangible) shareholders’ equity to more accurately assess the shareholder value generated by Asset Management. As part of this adjustment, approximately € 1 billion of CET1 capital contributed to Deutsche Bank Group by DWS minority shareholders is now recognized as a reduction in the equity allocated to the Asset Management segment. Previously, this minority interest benefit, which is part of regulatory own funds, was reflected in Corporate & Other. This change affects only the Asset Management segment and does not impact the metrics of Deutsche Bank Group or the bank’s other operating segments. As the implementation began in December 2025, the change impacts the financials for the fourth quarter and the full year 2025. No adjustments were made to prior periods’ capital allocation, resulting in a phased effect on the 2025 financials. The full impact in form of a lower average allocated shareholders' equity and hence a higher post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity for the Asset Management segment, will be visible in the 2026 financial year. Driver-Based Cost Management allocations methodology change In the first quarter of 2023, the bank introduced a Driver-Based Cost Management methodology for the allocation of costs originated in respective infrastructure functions which aims to provide transparency over the drivers of Infrastructure costs and links costs more closely to service consumption by segments. During 2023, costs relating to Infrastructure functions were allocated using an actuals to plan approach, with the exception of technology development costs which were charged to the divisions based on actual expenditures. Beginning 2024, all infrastructure costs were charged to divisions based on actual costs and service consumption. Prior year’s comparatives are presented in the current reporting structure. For the full year 2023, the change in methodology resulted in an increase in noninterest expenses (corresponding decrease in profit before tax) for Corporate Bank of € 175 million and a corresponding decrease in noninterest expenses (corresponding increase in profit before tax) for Investment Bank of € 42 million, for Private Bank of € 48 million, for Asset Management of € 0 million and for Corporate and Other of € 84 million. While the update of the 2023 allocations impacted the segmental post-tax returns on average tangible shareholders’ equity and cost/income ratio, the respective Group metrics are unaffected by the methodology change. Changes to operational Risk RWA allocation framework Starting in 2024, Deutsche Bank introduced a refined and more granular framework to allocate operational risk RWA to the segments. While the respective segmental RWA metrics are impacted by the change in methodology with a more pronounced impact from the second quarter of 2024 onwards, the Group’s operational risk RWA are unaffected by the change. Tax Exempt Securities Net interest income as a component of net revenues, profit (loss) before tax and related ratios are presented on a fully taxable-equivalent basis for tax-exempt securities for the Investment Bank. This enables management to measure performance of taxable and tax-exempt securities on a comparable basis. This presentation resulted in an increase in Investment Bank net interest income of € 22 million for full year 2025, € 18 million for full year 2024 and € 10 millionfor full year 2023. This increase is offset in Group consolidated figures through a reversal in Corporate & Other. The predominant tax rate used for 2025, 2024 and 2023 in determining the fully taxable equivalent of the net interest income was 21% and related to U.S. tax exempt securities. Segmental results of operations The following tables present the results of the Group’s business segments, including the reconciliation to the consolidated results of operations under IFRS.
N/M – Not meaningful 3 Starting from the fourth quarter 2025, the equity allocation framework for Asset Management has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 4 Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 5 Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 6 Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity at the Group level reflect the reported effective tax rate for the Group, which was 25% for the year ended December 31, 2025; for post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the year ended December 31, 2025; for further information, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report 7Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income
N/M – Not meaningful Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year 3Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. Prior periods have been updated accordingly. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 4Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. Prior periods have been updated accordingly. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 5The post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity at the Group level reflects the reported effective tax rate for the Group, which was 33% for the year ended December 31, 2024; for the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the year ended December 31, 2024; for further information, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report 6Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income
N/M – Not meaningful Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year 3Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. Prior periods have been updated accordingly. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 4Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. Prior periods have been updated accordingly. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 5The post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity at the Group level reflects the reported effective tax rate for the Group, which was 19% for the year ended December 31, 2023; for the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the year ended December 31, 2023; for further information, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report 6Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income Corporate Bank
N/M – Not meaningful Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year 1Starting from the first quarter of 2025, certain smaller non-complex clients previously recorded under Corporate Treasury Services are reported under Business Banking. The reclassification follows a review and realignment of client coverage to provide clients with the most effective coverage within the Corporate Bank. Prior year’s comparatives are presented in the current reporting structure 2Starting from the first quarter of 2025, the representation of revenue sharing between Corporate Bank and Investment Bank has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 3 As of year-end 4Segment assets are presented on a consolidated basis, i.e., the amounts do not include intersegment balances 5Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 6Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income 7Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 8For the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the years 2025, 2024 and 2023; for further information, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report Investment Bank
N/M – Not meaningful Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year 1Starting from the fourth quarter of 2025, the additional sub-category “Fixed Income & Currencies: Ex Financing“ within Fixed Income & Currencies (FIC) was renamed to “Fixed Income & Currencies: Markets“ 2 Starting from the fourth quarter of 2025, Deutsche Bank renamed “Origination & Advisory” within the Investment Bank to “Investment Banking & Capital Markets” 3Historically, certain bank funding charges that were allocated to the Investment Bank but not directly attributable to specific balance sheet positions were reported within “Research and Other”. Beginning the third quarter of 2025 these charges have been allocated to underlying businesses based on an agreed allocation key in order to support ongoing refinement of business level reporting. Prior year’s comparatives are aligned to presentation in the current year 4Starting from the first quarter of 2025, the representation of revenue sharing between Corporate Bank and Investment Bank has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 5As of year-end 6Segment assets are presented on a consolidated basis, i.e., the amounts do not include intersegment balances 7 Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 8Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income 9 Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 10For the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the years 2025, 2024 and 2023; for further information, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report Private Bank
N/M – Not meaningful Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year 1 Starting from the first quarter of 2025, a portion of certain European Personal Banking clients have been transferred to the Wealth Management segment. This change reflects adjustments in the Private Bank client's classification to better align financial reporting with the underlying business structure. Prior year’s comparatives are presented in the current reporting structure 2Starting from the fourth quarter of 2025, the Private Bank renamed “Wealth Management & Private Banking” to “Wealth Management” 3As of year-end 4Segment assets are presented on a consolidated basis, i.e., the amounts do not include intersegment balances 5Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 6Assets under Management include assets held on behalf of customers for investment purposes and/or client assets that are advised or managed by Deutsche Bank. They are managed on a discretionary or advisory basis or are deposited with the bank. Deposits are considered Assets under Management if they serve investment purposes. In Personal Banking, this includes Term deposits and Savings deposits. In Wealth Management (excl. Business Banking), it is assumed that all customer deposits are held with the bank primarily for investment purposes and accordingly are classified as Assets under Management. In instances in which the Private Bank distributes investment products qualifying as Assets under Management which are managed by DWS, these assets are reported as Assets under Management for Private Bank and for Asset Management (DWS) because they are two distinct, independent qualifying services 7Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income 8Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 9For the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the years 2025, 2024 and 2023; for further information, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report Asset Management
N/M – Not meaningful Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year 1As of year-end 2Segment assets are presented on a consolidated basis, i.e., the amounts do not include intersegment balances 3Starting from the first quarter of 2024 the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 4Assets under Management (AuM) means assets (i) the segment manages on a discretionary or non-discretionary advisory basis; including where it is the management company and portfolio management is outsourced to a third party; and (ii) a third party holds or manages and on which the segment provides, on the basis of contract, advice of an ongoing nature including regular or periodic assessment, monitoring and/or review. AuM represent both collective investments (including mutual funds and exchange-traded funds) and separate client mandates. AuM are measured at current market value based on the local regulatory rules for asset managers at each reporting date, which might differ from the fair value rules applicable under IFRS. Measurable levels are available daily for most retail products but may only update monthly, quarterly or even yearly for some products. While AuM do not include the segment’s investments accounted for under equity method, they do include seed capital and any committed capital on which the segment earns management fees. In instances in which Private Bank distributes investment products qualifying as Assets under Management which are managed by DWS, these assets are reported as Assets under Management for Private Bank and for Asset Management (DWS) because they are two distinct, independent qualifying services 5Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income 6Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report 7For the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the years 2025, 2024 and 2023; for further information, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report 8 Starting from the fourth quarter 2025 the equity allocation framework for Asset Management has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report Corporate & Other
N/M – Not meaningful Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year 1As of year-end Entity-wide disclosures The Group’s entity-wide disclosures include net revenues from internal and external counterparties. Excluding revenues from internal counterparties would require disproportionate IT investment and is not in line with the bank's management approach. For details of the net revenue components please see “Management Report: Operating and Financial Review: Results of Operations: Corporate Divisions”. The following table presents total net revenues (before provision for credit losses) by geographic area for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 respectively. The information presented for Corporate Bank, Investment Bank, Private Bank and Asset Management has been classified based primarily on the location of the Group’s office in which the revenues are recorded. The information for Corporate & Other is presented on a global level only, as management responsibility for Corporate & Other is held centrally.
Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year 1Consolidated net revenues comprise interest and similar income, interest expenses and total noninterest income (including net commission and fee income); revenues are attributed to countries based on the location in which the Group’s booking office is located; the location of a transaction on the Group’s books is sometimes different from the location of the headquarters or other offices of a customer and different from the location of the Group’s personnel who entered into or facilitated the transaction; where the Group records a transaction involving its staff and customers and other third parties in different locations frequently depends on other considerations, such as the nature of the transaction, regulatory considerations and transaction processing considerations
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