| Schedule of principal subsidiaries and VIE |
Entity | | Date of
incorporation | | Place of
incorporation | | Percentage of
direct
or indirect
ownership | | Principal activities | | | | | | | | | | Subsidiaries: | | | | | | | | | Luckin Coffee Investment Inc. (“Luckin BVI”) | | June 16, 2017 | | British Virgin Islands | | 100 | % | Investment holding | Luckin Coffee International Holdings Inc. (“Luckin International BVI”) | | February 20, 2020 | | British Virgin Islands | | 100 | % | Investment holding | First Ray International Holdings (Cayman) Limited (“First Ray Cayman”) | | July 25, 2024 | | Cayman Islands | | 100 | % | Investment holding | First Ray Holding Limited (“First Ray BVI”) | | August 1, 2023 | | British Virgin Islands | | 100 | % | Investment holding | 1st Ray International Holdings PTE. LTD. (“1st Ray International”) | | September 11, 2024 | | Singapore | | 100 | % | Holding company of international business | Luckin Coffee Holding Singapore PTE. LTD. (“Luckin Singapore Holding”) | | August 1, 2023 | | Singapore | | 100 | % | Holding company of Southeast Asia business | Luckin Coffee (SGP) PTE. LTD (“Luckin Singapore”) | | August 11, 2022 | | Singapore | | 100 | % | Singapore store operating | Luckin Coffee (Hong Kong) Limited (“Luckin HK”) | | June 19, 2017 | | Hong Kong, PRC | | 100 | % | Investment holding | Luckin Coffee Trading (Hong Kong) Limited (“Luckin Trading HK”) | | April 1, 2022 | | Hong Kong, PRC | | 100 | % | International trading of materials for products | Luckin Coffee Roasting (Hong Kong) Limited (“Luckin Roasting”) | | April 12, 2019 | | Hong Kong, PRC | | 100 | % | Investment holding | Luckin Coffee Hong Kong Operations Limited (“Luckin HK Operation”) | | August 30, 2024 | | Hong Kong, PRC | | 100 | % | Hong Kong store operating | Beijing Luckin Coffee Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise”, or, “Beijing WFOE”) (2) | | October 31, 2017 | | PRC | | 100 | % | Retail services for freshly brewed drinks and pre-made food and beverage items and technical and consultation services | Luckin Investment (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. (“Luckin TJ”) | | December 7, 2017 | | PRC | | 100 | % | Investment holding | Luckin Coffee Group Co., Ltd. (formerly as “Luckin Coffee (China) Co., Ltd”, “Luckin China”) (1) / (2) / (3) | | March 28, 2018 | | PRC | | 100 | % | Headquarter | Luckin Coffee Roasting (Pingnan) Co., Ltd. | | April 28, 2019 | | PRC | | 100 | % | Manufacture of materials for products | Luckin Coffee Food (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd | | May 27, 2022 | | PRC | | 100 | % | Manufacture of materials for products | First Ray Operations (New York) LLC | | October 18, 2024 | | U.S. | | 100 | % | U.S. store operating |
| (1) | Including their subsidiaries, collectively as the “PRC subsidiaries”. |
| (2) | On July 27, 2018, Beijing WFOE transferred all its 100% equity interest in its subsidiaries to Luckin China. |
| (3) | As of December 31, 2025, Luckin China had 67 direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries. |
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