Income Tax (Tables)

Summary of related offset deferred tax :


	Year ended December 31,
(in thousands of euro)	2023	2024	2025
Deferred tax assets / Tax losses carryforwards	8,344	8,699	8,241
Deferred tax assets / Provision for defined benefit obligation	610	682	481
Deferred tax assets / Others	52	34	21

Deferred Tax assets	9,006	9,415	8,743
Deferred tax liabilities / Deferred revenue	8,233	8,754	8,189
Deferred tax liabilities / Lease contract (IFRS 16 application)	553	500	443
Deferred tax assets / Tax amortization	220	154	111
Deferred tax liabilities / Other	—	7	—
Deferred Tax liabilities	9,006	9,415	8,743

Accordingly, net deferred tax assets not recognized are :


	Year ended December 31,
(in thousands of euro)	2023	2024	2025
Deferred tax assets / Tax losses carryforwards - France	112,549	125,491	139,867
Deferred tax assets / Tax losses carry forwards - US	2,773	2,781	2,781
Deferred Tax assets / Tax losses carryforwards	115,322	128,272	142,649

Tax rate reconciliation


	Year ended December 31,
(in thousands of euro)	2023		2024		2025
Net income (loss) before tax	(7,570)		(49,471)		(49,177)
Statutory tax rate	25.00	%	25.00	%	25.00	%
Income tax benefit / (expense) calculated at statutory tax rate	1,891		12,368		12,294
Increase / (decrease) in income tax benefit / (expenses) arising from:
Differences in tax rates	—		—		—
Research tax credit	2,457		1,872		1,551
Provision for defined benefit obligations	27		(72)		202
Share-based compensation	(1,064)		(986)		(642)
Revenue from collaboration agreements	1,095		(296)		864
Non-recognition of deferred tax assets related to tax losses and temporary differences	(4,501)		(13,340)		(13,996)
Carry-back	—		—		—
Impact linked to intra-group merger operations	—		—		—
Impact linked to the exercise of a real estate leasing option	—		—		—
Others differences	94		454		(274)
Income tax benefit / (expense) (a)	—		—		—
Effective tax rate		%		%		%
Deferred tax income / (loss) (b)	—		—		—
Income tax benefit / (expense) (a) + (b)	—		—		—