Income Tax

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

26.	INCOME TAX

The Company and its subsidiaries, ASE, SPIL and USIINC, have filed a consolidated tax return for corporate income tax and for unappropriated earnings.

Income tax recognized in profit or loss

The major components of income tax were as follows:


	For the Year Ended December 31
	2023			2024			2025
	NT$			NT$			NT$			US$ (Note 4)

Current income tax
In respect of the current year	$	10,117,252		$	9,812,221		$	11,426,102		$	364,237
Income tax on unappropriated earnings		(3,449,958	)		250,421			760,689			24,249
Changes in estimate for prior years		(67,074	)		(453,274	)		176,837			5,637

		6,600,220			9,609,368			12,363,628			394,123


Deferred income tax
In respect of the current year		(1,352,999	)		(1,568,365	)		(2,054,334	)		(65,487	)
Changes in tax rates		2,763			(25,229	)		(18,085	)		(577	)
Changes in estimate for prior years		35,465			(60,902	)		(288,947	)		(9,211	)
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences		18,514			(38,409	)		104,394			3,328

		(1,296,257	)		(1,692,905	)		(2,256,972	)		(71,947	)


Income tax expense recognized in profit or loss	$	5,303,963		$	7,916,463		$	10,106,656		$	322,176

A reconciliation of income tax expense calculated at the statutory rates and income tax expense recognized in profit or loss was as follows:


	For the Year Ended December 31
	2023			2024			2025
	NT$			NT$			NT$			US$ (Note 4)

Profit before income tax	$	42,611,823		$	41,733,373		$	51,303,096		$	1,635,419


Income tax expense calculated at the statutory rates	$	18,763,311		$	18,877,355		$	23,693,382		$	755,288
Non-deductible (non-taxable) items in determining taxable income		1,132,092			668,184			906,398			28,894
Tax-exempt income		(7,369,986	)		(7,727,576	)		(11,648,491	)		(371,326	)
Additional income tax on unappropriated earnings		(3,449,958	)		250,421			760,689			24,249
Income tax credits		(1,921,721	)		(2,250,870	)		(3,175,371	)		(101,223	)
The origination and reversal of temporary differences		69,767			(251,896	)		32,167			1,025
Income tax adjustments for prior years		(31,609	)		(514,176	)		(112,110	)		(3,574	)
Unrecognized deferred tax liability for temporary differences associated with investments		(2,557,436	)		(1,996,092	)		(1,837,670	)		(58,580	)
Unrecognized loss carryforwards		455,437			746,146			688,156			21,937
Withholding tax		12,433			14,843			380,288			12,123
Land value increment tax		-			19,604			20,941			667
House and land transactions income tax		201,633			-			-			-
Pillar Two income tax		-			80,520			398,277			12,696


Income tax expense recognized in profit or loss	$	5,303,963		$	7,916,463		$	10,106,656		$	322,176

Income tax recognized directly in equity


	For the Year Ended December 31
	2023		2024		2025
	NT$		NT$		NT$			US$(Note 4)

Deferred income tax
Equity components of convertible bonds	$	-	$	-	$	(252,723	)	$	(8,056	)

Income tax recognized in other comprehensive income


	For the Year Ended December 31
	2023			2024			2025
	NT$			NT$			NT$			US$ (Note 4)

Deferred income tax
Related to remeasurement of defined benefit plans	$	(2,214	)	$	(62,184	)	$	249,889		$	7,966
Unrealized loss on equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income		(262,404	)		(22,288	)		(383,009	)		(12,210	)
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income		(5,792	)		2,315			2,379			76


Income tax recognized in other comprehensive income	$	(270,410	)	$	(82,157	)	$	(130,741	)	$	(4,168	)

Current tax assets and liabilities


	December 31
	2024		2025
	NT$		NT$		US$ (Note 4)

Current tax assets
Tax refund receivable	$	548,905	$	412,077	$	13,136
Prepaid income tax		182,923		472,716		15,069


	$	731,828	$	884,793	$	28,205

Current tax liabilities
Current	$	8,888,506	$	11,593,551	$	369,574
Non-current		-		2,702,639		86,154

	$	8,888,506	$	14,296,190	$	455,728

Deferred tax assets and liabilities

The Group offset certain deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities which met the offset criteria.

The movements of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities were as follows:

For the year ended December 31, 2023


	Balance at January 1			Acquisitions through Business Combinations			Recognized in Profit or Loss				Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income				Exchange Differences				Balance at December 31
	NT$			NT$			NT$				NT$				NT$				NT$

Deferred tax assets

Temporary differences
Property, plant and equipment		$	148,428		$	-		$	110,253			$	-			$	7,483			$	266,164
Defined benefit obligation			862,434			-			(68,968	)			(4,844	)			30,685				819,307
FVTPL financial instruments			207,794			-			43,792				-				304				251,890
Others			3,769,504			893			316,527				-				95,392				4,182,316

			4,988,160			893			401,604				(4,844	)			133,864				5,519,677
Loss carry-forward			495,485			-			56,005				-				3,807				555,297
Investment credits			858,127			-			(522,852	)			-				(14,654	)			320,621


		$	6,341,772		$	893		$	(65,243	)		$	(4,844	)		$	123,017			$	6,395,595


	Balance at January 1			Acquisitions through Business Combinations			Recognized in Profit or Loss				Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income				Exchange Differences				Balance at December 31
	NT$			NT$			NT$				NT$				NT$				NT$

Deferred tax liabilities

Temporary differences
Property, plant and equipment		$	6,038,258		$	10,410		$	(902,114	)		$	-			$	(11,093	)		$	5,135,461
Defined benefit obligation			-			-			27,031				(2,630	)			30,233				54,634
FVTPL financial instruments			531,811			-			(487,098	)			-				368				45,081
Others			2,015,063			99,535			681				268,196				84,995				2,468,470


		$	8,585,132		$	109,945		$	(1,361,500)			$	265,566			$	104,503			$	7,703,646

For the year ended December 31, 2024


	Balance at January 1			Acquisitions through Business Combinations			Recognized in Profit or Loss				Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income				Exchange Differences				Balance at December 31
	NT$			NT$			NT$				NT$				NT$				NT$

Deferred tax assets

Temporary differences
Property, plant and equipment		$	266,164		$	123,696		$	(36,352	)		$	-			$	1,044			$	354,552
Defined benefit obligation			819,307			-			(149,680	)			(62,170	)			57,489				664,946
FVTPL financial instruments			251,890			-			(87,612	)			-				(393	)			163,885
Others			4,182,316			16,067			347,938				-				(233,039	)			4,313,282

			5,519,677			139,763			74,294				(62,170	)			(174,899	)			5,496,665
Loss carry-forward			555,297			14,058			250,063				-				(74,040	)			745,378
Investment credits			320,621			-			558,641				-				54,066				933,328


		$	6,395,595		$	153,821		$	882,998			$	(62,170	)		$	(194,873	)		$	7,175,371


Deferred tax liabilities

Temporary differences
Property, plant and equipment		$	5,135,461		$	92,842		$	(1,573,888	)		$	-			$	71,505			$	3,725,920
Defined benefit obligation			54,634			-			(35,210	)			14				(1,151	)			18,287
FVTPL financial instruments			45,081			-			823,904				-				(237	)			868,748
Others			2,468,470			-			(24,713	)			19,973				(226,581	)			2,237,149


		$	7,703,646		$	92,842		$	(809,907	)		$	19,987			$	(156,464	)		$	6,850,104

For the year ended December 31, 2025


	Balance at January 1			Acquisitions through Business Combinations			Recognized in Profit or Loss				Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income			Recognized in Equity			Exchange Differences				Balance at December 31
	NT$			NT$			NT$				NT$			NT$			NT$				NT$

Deferred tax assets

Temporary differences
Property, plant and equipment		$	354,552		$	-		$	33,759			$	-		$	-		$	84,763			$	473,074
Defined benefit obligation			664,946			-			(93,418	)			270,298			-			(74,127	)			767,699
FVTPL financial instruments			163,885			-			(165,781	)			-			-			(282	)			(2,178	)
Others			4,313,282			-			52,135				-			-			149,599				4,515,016

			5,496,665			-			(173,305	)			270,298			-			159,953				5,753,611
Loss carry-forward			745,378			4,032			(2,363	)			-			-			(4,820	)			742,227
Investment credits			933,328			-			215,965				-			-			53,077				1,202,370


		$	7,175,371		$	4,032		$	40,297			$	270,298		$	-		$	208,210			$	7,698,208


Deferred tax liabilities

Temporary differences
Property, plant and equipment		$	3,725,920		$	-		$	(1,231,017	)		$	-		$	-		$	70,869			$	2,565,772
Defined benefit obligation			18,287			-			1,617				20,409			-			(30,042	)			10,271
FVTPL financial instruments			868,748			-			(309,275	)			-			-			(606	)			558,867
Others			2,237,149			15			(678,000	)			380,630			252,723			63,594				2,256,111


		$	6,850,104		$	15		$	(2,216,675	)		$	401,039		$	252,723		$	103,815			$	5,391,021


	Balance at January 1			Acquisitions through Business Combinations			Recognized in Profit or Loss				Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income			Recognized in Equity			Exchange Differences				Balance at December 31
	US$ (Note 4)			US$ (Note 4)			US$ (Note 4)				US$ (Note 4)			US$ (Note 4)			US$ (Note 4)				US$ (Note 4)

Deferred tax assets

Temporary differences
Property, plant and equipment		$	11,302		$	-		$	1,076			$	-		$	-		$	2,702			$	15,080
Defined benefit obligation			21,197			-			(2,978	)			8,617			-			(2,363	)			24,473
FVTPL financial instruments			5,224			-			(5,284	)			-			-			(9	)			(69	)
Others			137,497			-			1,662				-			-			4,769				143,928

			175,220			-			(5,524	)			8,617			-			5,099				183,412
Loss carry-forward			23,761			128			(75	)			-			-			(154	)			23,660
Investment credits			29,752			-			6,884				-			-			1,692				38,328


		$	228,733		$	128		$	1,285			$	8,617		$	-		$	6,637			$	245,400


Deferred tax liabilities

Temporary differences
Property, plant and equipment		$	118,773		$	-		$	(39,242	)		$	-		$	-		$	2,259			$	81,790
Defined benefit obligation			583			-			51				651			-			(958	)			327
FVTPL financial instruments			27,694			-			(9,859	)			-			-			(19	)			17,816
Others			71,315			1			(21,613	)			12,134			8,056			2,027				71,920


		$	218,365		$	1		$	(70,663	)		$	12,785		$	8,056		$	3,309			$	171,853

Deductible temporary differences, unused loss carryforwards and unused investment credits for which no deferred tax assets have been recognized in the consolidated balance sheets


	December 31
	2024		2025
	NT$		NT$		US$ (Note 4)

Loss carry-forward	$	2,464,350	$	2,962,877	$	94,449
Deductible temporary differences		317,282		422,449		13,467

	$	2,781,632	$	3,385,326	$	107,916

The unrecognized loss carry-forward will expire through 2042 or can be carried forward indefinitely according to the applicable tax laws of each tax jurisdiction.

Information about unused loss carry-forward, investment credits, tax-exemption and other tax relief

As of December 31, 2025, the unused loss carry-forward comprised:


Expiry Year	NT$		US$ (Note 4)

2026	$	264,281	$	8,425
2027		345,259		11,006
2028		235,176		7,497
2029		286,443		9,131
2030 and thereafter		2,573,945		82,051


	$	3,705,104	$	118,110

As of December 31, 2025, unused investment credits comprised:


Tax Credit Source	Remaining Creditable Amount				Expiry Year
	NT$		US$ (Note 4)

Purchase of machinery and equipment	$	1,200,479	$	38,269		2030 and thereafter
Others		1,891		60		2026 and thereafter


	$	1,202,370	$	38,329

Some China subsidiaries qualified as high technology enterprises were entitled to a reduced income tax rate of 15% and were eligible to deduct certain times of research and development expenses from their taxable income.

Unrecognized deferred tax liabilities associated with investments

As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, the taxable temporary differences associated with the investments in subsidiaries for which no deferred tax liabilities have been recognized were NT$60,866,800 thousand and NT$63,587,785 thousand (US$2,027,025 thousand), respectively.

Income tax assessments

The tax authorities have examined income tax returns of the Company and its R.O.C. subsidiaries through 20

and 2023.