| Schedule of expenses by nature |
| | | | | | | | | For the Year Ended December 31, | | | 2023 | | 2024 | | 2025 | | | RMB | | RMB | | RMB | | | | | | | | Transaction related cost (i) | | 154,854,420 | | 160,892,189 | | 172,162,214 | Employee benefits expenses | | 14,594,912 | | 13,969,975 | | 14,674,492 | – Wages, salaries, bonuses, social security and others | | 11,169,313 | | 10,878,600 | | 11,826,858 | – Share-based compensation expenses (Note 30) | | 2,589,593 | | 2,252,738 | | 1,963,506 | – Pension costs – defined contribution plans (ii) | | 836,006 | | 838,637 | | 884,128 | Promotion, advertising and incentives | | 7,687,159 | | 9,531,908 | | 14,640,908 | Expected credit losses | | 2,090,866 | | 3,347,767 | | 6,055,583 | Provision for the shareholder class action lawsuit | | — | | — | | 5,297,364 | Depreciation of property and equipment and right-of-use assets (Note 15 and Note 16) | | 3,821,925 | | 3,026,236 | | 2,823,916 | Driver operation fees | | 2,142,690 | | 2,668,220 | | 2,970,350 | Third party customer service expenses | | 1,122,836 | | 1,256,259 | | 1,406,763 | Amortization of intangible assets (Note 18) | | 1,003,282 | | 138,831 | | 37,783 | Impairment of property and equipment and other assets | | 165,159 | | 24,577 | | 20,067 |
(i) | Transaction related costs primarily consist of driver costs, insurance costs and payment processing charges related to the Group’s service offerings. |
(ii) | Employees of the Group companies are required to participate in defined contribution plans administered and operated by the local governmental authorities. The Group contributes funds which are calculated on certain percentages of the employees’ salary subject to certain ceilings imposed by governmental authorities to each scheme locally. |
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