v3.26.1
INCOME TAX (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
INCOME TAX  
Components of loss before income taxes

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

For the Year Ended

​

​

December 31, 

​

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2025

​

​

RMB

​

RMB

​

RMB

Mainland China

 

(270,748,715)

 

(202,919,043)

 

(34,306,330)

Non-Mainland China

​

(11,280,151)

​

(13,888,146)

​

(28,062,849)

Total

 

(282,028,866)

 

(216,807,189)

 

(62,369,179)

Schedule of income tax expense (benefit)

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

For the Year Ended December 31, 

​

​

2023

​

2024

​

2025

​

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

Current

​

​

​

​

​

​

Mainland China

​

759,425

​

(464,340)

​

52,582

Non-Mainland China

​

—

​

144,468

​

1,170,249

Total Current income tax expense (benefit)

​

759,425

​

(319,872)

​

1,222,831

Deferred

​

​

​

​

​

​

Mainland China

​

(10,952,309)

​

(23,286,678)

​

(22,952,588)

Non-Mainland China

​

—

​

—

​

(1,253,834)

Total Deferred income tax benefit

​

(10,952,309)

​

(23,286,678)

​

(24,206,422)

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Total

 

(10,192,884)

 

(23,606,550)

 

(22,983,591)

Schedule of reconciliation of statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

 

For the Year Ended

​

 

December 31, 

​

​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2024

​

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

​

RMB

Expected taxation at PRC statutory tax rate

 

(71,077,803)

​

(54,201,797)

Tax effect of tax‑exempt entities and differing tax rates in different jurisdictions

 

2,820,038

​

105,035

Research and development expenses bonus deduction

 

(30,807,283)

​

(25,718,922)

Non-deductible share-based compensation expenses

 

11,742,974

​

5,850,869

Other non-deductible expenses

 

2,491,593

​

888,261

Preferential tax rate difference

 

7,301,540

​

15,880,110

Others

​

229,108

​

1,116,269

Change in valuation allowance

​

67,106,949

​

32,473,625

​

​

​

​

​

Actual income tax benefit

 

(10,192,884)

​

(23,606,550)

Effect of preferential tax rates on basic net loss per ordinary share

​

(0.05)

​

(0.10)

Effect of preferential tax rates on diluted net loss per ordinary share

​

(0.05)

​

(0.10)

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

For the Year Ended

 

​

​

December 31,

 

​

​

2025

 

​

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

Percent

 

Expected taxation at PRC statutory tax rate

 

(15,592,295)

 

25.0

%

Nontaxable or nondeductible items

 

  ​

 

  ​

​

Share-based compensation expenses

 

6,691,566

 

(10.7)

%

Other non-deductible expenses

 

4,745,881

 

(7.6)

%

Other Adjustments

 

  ​

 

  ​

​

Tax incentives relating to R&D expenditures

 

(28,027,491)

 

44.9

%

Preferential tax rate difference

 

(338,266)

 

0.5

%

Other

 

2,026,356

 

(3.2)

%

Change in valuation allowance

 

6,688,725

 

(10.7)

%

Foreign tax effects

 

821,933

 

(1.3)

%

Actual income tax benefit

 

(22,983,591)

 

36.9

%

Effect of preferential tax rates on basic net loss per ordinary share

 

0.00

 

​

​

Effect of preferential tax rates on diluted net loss per ordinary share

 

0.00

 

​

​

Schedule of deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

 

As of December 31, 

​

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2025

​

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

Deferred income tax assets

​

​

​

​

Net operating loss carry forwards

 

115,610,787

 

130,002,615

Accrued warranty

 

4,394,077

 

5,801,139

Advertising expense

​

2,113,991

​

2,113,991

Deferred revenue

 

10,709,100

 

16,727,916

Allowance for doubtful accounts

 

43,361,947

 

40,986,292

Lease Liabilities

​

226,552

​

1,502,360

Write-downs of inventories

 

6,426,901

 

19,587,760

Less: Valuation allowance

 

(140,255,931)

 

(146,944,656)

​

​

​

​

​

Total deferred income tax assets, net

​

42,587,424

​

69,777,417

​

​

​

​

​

Deferred income tax liabilities

​

​

​

​

Operating lease right-of-use assets

​

226,551

​

1,502,360

Property, plant and equipment

​

13,878,083

​

12,875,517

​

​

​

​

​

Total deferred income tax liabilities

​

14,104,634

​

14,377,877

​

​

​

​

​

Net deferred income tax assets

​

31,752,254

​

57,457,432

Net deferred income tax liabilities

​

3,269,464

​

2,057,892

​

Schedule of changes in valuation allowance

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

 

For the Year Ended

​

 

December 31, 

​

​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2025

​

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

​

RMB

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

Balance at the beginning of the year

 

40,764,285

 

107,782,306

 

140,255,931

Additions

 

68,593,841

 

32,473,625

 

31,752,295

Reduction

​

(1,575,820)

​

—

​

(25,063,570)

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Balance at the end of the year

 

107,782,306

 

140,255,931

 

146,944,656

​