<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:181c7629-5ef6-4f45-a4ac-40dc121e5950,g:955c0c25-c974-4433-b8aa-e92de77a05a6-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:crto="http://www.criteo.com/20260428" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31" xmlns:dtr-types1="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://www.criteo.com/20260428">
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21/types.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31/types.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei-sub/2024" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-sub-2024.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd-sub/2024" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-sub-2024.xsd"/>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:appinfo>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="crto-20260428_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="crto-20260428_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="crto-20260428_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
    </xs:appinfo>
  </xs:annotation>
  <xs:element id="crto_MeganClarkenMember" abstract="true" name="MeganClarkenMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="crto_MichaelKomasinskiMember" abstract="true" name="MichaelKomasinskiMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="crto_ChangeInPensionValueAndAboveMarketNonQualifiedDeferredCompensationMember" abstract="true" name="ChangeInPensionValueAndAboveMarketNonQualifiedDeferredCompensationMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types1:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="crto_GrantDateFairValueOfOptionAwardsAndStockAwardsGrantedInFiscalYearMember" abstract="true" name="GrantDateFairValueOfOptionAwardsAndStockAwardsGrantedInFiscalYearMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types1:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="crto_FairValueAtFiscalYearEndOfOutstandingAndUnvestedOptionAwardsAndStockAwardsGrantedInFiscalYearMember" abstract="true" name="FairValueAtFiscalYearEndOfOutstandingAndUnvestedOptionAwardsAndStockAwardsGrantedInFiscalYearMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types1:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="crto_ChangeInFairValueOfOutstandingAndUnvestedOptionAwardsAndStockAwardsGrantedInPriorFiscalYearsMember" abstract="true" name="ChangeInFairValueOfOutstandingAndUnvestedOptionAwardsAndStockAwardsGrantedInPriorFiscalYearsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types1:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="crto_FairValueAtVestingOfOptionAwardsAndStockAwardsGrantedInFiscalYearThatVestedDuringFiscalYearMember" abstract="true" name="FairValueAtVestingOfOptionAwardsAndStockAwardsGrantedInFiscalYearThatVestedDuringFiscalYearMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types1:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="crto_ChangeInFairValueAsOfVestingDateOfOptionAwardsAndStockAwardsGrantedInPriorFiscalYearsForWhichApplicableVestingConditionsWereSatisfiedDuringFiscalYearMember" abstract="true" name="ChangeInFairValueAsOfVestingDateOfOptionAwardsAndStockAwardsGrantedInPriorFiscalYearsForWhichApplicableVestingConditionsWereSatisfiedDuringFiscalYearMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types1:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="crto_FairValueAsOfPriorFiscalYearEndOfOptionAwardsAndStockAwardsGrantedInPriorFiscalYearsThatFailedToMeetApplicableVestingConditionsDuringFiscalYearMember" abstract="true" name="FairValueAsOfPriorFiscalYearEndOfOptionAwardsAndStockAwardsGrantedInPriorFiscalYearsThatFailedToMeetApplicableVestingConditionsDuringFiscalYearMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types1:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="crto_ValueOfDividendsOrOtherEarningsPaidOnStockOrOptionAwardsNotOtherwiseReflectedInFairValueOrTotalCompensationMember" abstract="true" name="ValueOfDividendsOrOtherEarningsPaidOnStockOrOptionAwardsNotOtherwiseReflectedInFairValueOrTotalCompensationMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types1:domainItemType"/>
</xs:schema>
