CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT AND ETHICS
Personal Trading Policies and Procedures
(Appendix A)
January 2025
501 Commerce Street, Nashville, TN 37203
A Message from Seth Bernstein,
Chief Executive Officer of AllianceBernstein
Client trust is the foundation of a financial services company. As we have seen, trust takes years
to establish and constant vigilance to maintain but can be destroyed in a matter of days. Honesty,
integrity, and high ethical standards must therefore be practiced on a daily basis in order to protect this
most critical asset.
Enhancing our sensitivity to our ethical obligations – putting the interests of our clients first and
foremost -- and ensuring that we meet those obligations is an imperative for all. AllianceBernstein has
long been committed to maintaining and promoting high ethical standards and business practices. We
have prepared this Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) in order to establish a common
vision of our ethical standards and practices. While not an exhaustive guide to the rules and regulations
governing our businesses, the Code is intended to establish certain guiding principles for all of us.
Separately, the firm has in place a series of ethics, fiduciary and business-related policies and
procedures, which set forth detailed requirements to which employees are subject. We also have
prepared various Compliance Manuals, which provide in summary form, an overview of the concepts
described in more detail both in this Code and in our other policies and procedures.
You should take the time to familiarize yourself with the policies in this Code and use common
sense in applying them to your daily work environment and circumstances. Your own personal integrity
and good judgment are the best guides to ethical and responsible conduct. If you have questions, you
should discuss them with your supervisor, the General Counsel, the Chief Compliance Officer or a
representative of the Legal and Compliance Department or Human Capital. If the normal channels for
reporting are not appropriate, or if you feel uncomfortable utilizing them, issues may be brought to the
attention of the Company Ombudsman, who is an independent, informal and confidential resource for
concerns about AllianceBernstein business matters that may raise issues of ethics or questionable
practices.
Our continued success depends on each of us maintaining high ethical standards and business
practices. I count on each of you to place our clients’ interests first – and to do so always by applying
good ethics and sound judgment in your daily responsibilities.
Seth Bernstein
AllianceBernstein L.P.
CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT AND ETHICS
1.Introduction1
2.The AB Fiduciary Culture1
3.Compliance with Laws, Rules and Regulations2
4.Policy Against Discrimination and Sexual and Unlawful Harassment2
5.Conflicts of Interest / Unlawful Actions3
6.Insider Trading4
7.Personal Trading: Summary of Restrictions5
8.Outside Directorships and Other Outside Activities and Interests6
a.Board Member or Trustee6
b.Other Affiliations7
c.Outside Financial or Business Interests8
9.Gifts, Entertainment, and Inducements8
10.Compliance with Anti-Corruption Laws9
11.Political Contributions/Activities9
a.By or on behalf of AB9
b.By Employees / Directors10
12.“Ethical Wall” Policy10
13.Use of Client Relationships11
14.Corporate Opportunities and Resources11
15.Antitrust and Fair Dealing12
16.Recordkeeping and Retention12
17.Improper Influence on Conduct of Audits12
18.Accuracy of Disclosure13
19.Confidentiality13
20.Protection and Proper Use of AB Assets14
21.Policy on Intellectual Property14
a.Overview14
b.Employee Responsibilities15
c.Company Policies and Practices15
22.Exceptions from the Code16
a.Written Statement and Supporting Documentation16
b.Compliance Interview16
23.Regulatory Inquiries, Investigations and Litigation16
a.Requests for Information16
b.Types of Inquiries17
c.Responding to Information Requests17
d.Use of Outside Counsel17
e.Regulatory Investigation17
f.Litigation17
24.Compliance and Reporting of Misconduct / “Whistleblower” Protection17
25.Company Ombudsman18
26.Sanctions18
27.Annual Certifications19
Personal Trading Policies and Procedures
Appendix A
1.Overview1
a.Introduction1
b.Definitions1
4.“Client”1
2.Requirements and Restrictions – All Employees4
a.General Standards4
b.Disclosure of Personal Accounts5
c.Designated Brokerage Account6
d.Pre-Clearance Requirement6
e.Limitation on the Number of Trades6
f.Short-Term Trading7
g.Short Sales7
h.Trading in AB Units and AB Funds7
i.Securities Being Considered for Purchase or Sale8
j.Restricted List9
k.Dissemination of Research Information9
l.Initial Public Offerings10
m.Limited Offerings/Private Placements10
3.Additional Restrictions–Portfolio Managers10
a.Blackout Periods11
b.Actions During Blackout Periods11
c.Transactions Contrary to Client Positions11
4.Additional Restrictions–Research Analysts11
a.Blackout Periods12
b.Actions During Blackout Periods12
c.Actions Contrary to Ratings12
5.Additional Restrictions–Buy-Side Equity Traders12
6.Additional Restrictions–Alternate Investment Strategies Groups13
7.Exceptions to the Personal Trading Policy13
8.Reporting Requirements13
a.Duplicate Confirmations and Account Statements13
b.Initial Holdings Reports by Employees13
c.Quarterly Reports by Employees–including Certain Funds and Limited Offerings14
d.Annual Certification by Employees with Managed Accounts14
e.Annual Holdings Reports by Employees14
f.Report and Certification of Adequacy to the Board of Directors of Fund Clients15
g.Report Representations15
h.Maintenance of Reports15
9.Reporting Requirements for Directors who are not Employees15
a.Outside Directors / Affiliated Outside Directors16
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1.Introduction
This Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) summarizes the values, principles and
business practices that guide our business conduct and establishes a set of basic principles and
expectations to guide all AllianceBernstein employees, officers and directors, and consultants where
applicable. The Code applies to all of our offices globally; however, it is not intended to provide an
exhaustive list of all the detailed internal policies and procedures, regulations and legal requirements
that may apply to you as an AllianceBernstein employee, officer, director, consultant, and/or a
representative of one of our regulated subsidiaries. AllianceBernstein maintains more detailed
policies and procedures addressing many of the topics covered by this Code, including the
Compliance Manual, available on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site. All
AllianceBernstein employees, including covered consultants, officers, and directors are responsible
for knowing and abiding by the relevant policies.
All individuals subject to the provisions of this Code must conduct themselves in a manner
consistent with the requirements and procedures set forth herein. Adherence to the Code is a
fundamental condition of service and employment with AllianceBernstein, any of our subsidiaries or
joint venture entities, or our general partner (the “AB Group”).
AllianceBernstein L.P. (“AB,” “we” or “us”) is a registered investment adviser and acts as investment
manager or adviser to registered investment companies, institutional investment clients, employee
benefit trusts, high net worth individuals and other types of investment advisory clients. In this
capacity, we serve as fiduciaries. The fiduciary relationship mandates adherence to the highest
standards of conduct and integrity.
Personnel acting in a fiduciary capacity must carry out their duties for the exclusive benefit of our
clients. Consistent with this fiduciary duty, the interests of clients take priority over the personal
investment objectives and other personal interests of AB personnel. Accordingly:
•Employees must work to mitigate or eliminate any conflict, or appearance of a conflict, between
the self-interest of any individual covered under the Code and his or her responsibility to our
clients, or to AB and its unitholders.
•Employees must never improperly use their position with AB for personal gain to themselves,
their family, or any other person.
The Code is intended to comply with the following regulations that apply to AB:
•Rule 17j-1 under the (U.S.) Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”) which applies
to AB because we serve as an investment adviser to registered investment companies. Rule
17j-1 specifically requires us to adopt a code of ethics that contains provisions reasonably
necessary to prevent our “access persons” (as defined herein) from engaging in fraudulent
conduct, including insider trading.
•Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”), which requires
registered investment advisers to adopt and enforce codes of ethics applicable to their
supervised persons.
•Section 303A.10 of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) Listed Company Manual, which
applies to us because the units of AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AllianceBernstein
Holding”) are traded on the NYSE.
Additionally, certain entities within the AB Group, such as Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC and
Sanford C. Bernstein Limited, have adopted supplemental codes of ethics to address specific
regulatory requirements applicable to them. All employees are obligated to determine if any of these
codes are applicable to them and to abide by such codes as appropriate.
2.The AB Fiduciary Culture
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The primary objective of AB’s business is to provide value, through investment advisory and other
financial services, to a wide range of clients, including governments, corporations, financial
institutions, high net worth individuals and pension funds.
AB requires that all dealings with, and on behalf of existing and prospective clients be handled with
honesty, integrity, and high ethical standards, and that such dealings adhere to the letter and the
spirit of applicable laws, regulations and contractual guidelines. As a general matter, AB is a
fiduciary that owes its clients a duty of undivided loyalty, and each employee has a responsibility to
act in a manner consistent with this duty.
When dealing with or on behalf of a client, every employee must act solely in the best interests of
that client. In addition, various comprehensive statutory and regulatory structures such as the 1940
Act, the Advisers Act and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) impose specific
responsibilities governing the behavior of personnel in carrying out their responsibilities. AB and its
employees must comply fully with these rules and regulations. Legal and Compliance Department
personnel are available to assist employees in meeting these requirements.
All employees are expected to adhere to the high standards associated with our fiduciary duty,
including care and loyalty to clients, competency, diligence and thoroughness, and trust and
accountability. Further, all employees must actively work to avoid the possibility that the advice or
services we provide to clients is, or gives the appearance of being, based on the self-interests of AB
or its employees and not the clients’ best interests.
Our fiduciary responsibilities apply to a broad range of investment and related activities, including
sales and marketing, portfolio management, securities trading, allocation of investment
opportunities, client service, operations support, performance measurement and reporting, new
product development as well as your personal investing activities. These obligations include the duty
to avoid material conflicts of interest (and, if this is not possible, to provide full and fair disclosure to
clients in communications), to keep accurate books and records, and to supervise personnel
appropriately. These concepts are further described in the Sections that follow.
3.Compliance with Laws, Rules and Regulations
AB has a long-standing commitment to conduct its business in compliance with applicable laws and
regulations and in accordance with the highest ethical principles. This commitment helps ensure our
reputation for honesty, quality, and integrity. All individuals subject to the Code are required to
comply with all such laws and regulations. All U.S. employees, as well as non-U.S. employees who
act on behalf of U.S. clients or funds, are required to comply with the U.S. federal securities laws.
These laws include, but are not limited to, the 1940 Act, the Advisers Act, ERISA, the Securities Act
of 1933 (“Securities Act”), the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”), the Sarbanes-
Oxley Act of 2002, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the SEC under any
of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to our activities, and any rules adopted
thereunder by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), Department of the Treasury or the
Department of Justice. As mentioned above, as a listed company, we are also subject to specific
rules promulgated by the NYSE. Similarly, our non-US affiliates are subject to additional laws and
regulatory mandates in their respective jurisdictions, which must be fully complied with.
Our obligation to comply with all applicable laws, regulations, and rules, and to act in an honest and
ethical manner, trumps all other considerations, including the interests of our clients. Policies
referenced in this Code provide additional details and requirements to ensure compliance. A
violation under any of these policies may be deemed a violation of the Code.
4.Policy Against Discrimination and Sexual and Unlawful Harassment
AB is committed to providing a working environment free from all forms of discrimination and
harassment on the basis of race, color, religion, creed, ancestry, national origin, sex, age, disability,
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marital status, citizenship status, sexual orientation, gender identity expression, military or veteran
status, or any other basis that is by applicable law. Harassment or discrimination by any AB
employee, officer, or director will not be tolerated.
AB’s policies on nondiscrimination and sexual or unlawful harassment and how to report instances of
such conduct can be found in the Employee Handbook. All employees, officers, and directors are
responsible for knowing and abiding by these policies. Anyone who reports in good faith an incident
of discrimination or harassment will not be subject to reprisals. Anyone who is found to have
engaged in conduct inconsistent with these policies will be subject to appropriate disciplinary action,
up to and including termination of employment or dismissal from the Board.
5.Conflicts of Interest / Unlawful Actions
A “conflict of interest” may exist when a person’s private interests are contrary to, or inconsistent
with, the interests of AB’s clients or to the interests of AB or its unitholders.
A conflict situation can arise when an AB employee, consultant, officer, or director takes actions or
has interests (business, financial or otherwise) that may make it difficult to perform his or her work
objectively and effectively. Conflicts of interest may arise, for example, when an AB employee, or a
member of his or her family,1 receives improper personal benefits (including personal loans,
services, or payment for services that the AB employee performs in the course of AB business) as a
result of his or her position at AB or gains personal enrichment or benefits through access to
confidential information.
Conflicts may also arise when an AB employee, or a member of his or her family, holds a significant
financial interest in a company that does an important amount of business with AB or has outside
business interests that may result in divided loyalties or compromise independent judgment.
Moreover, conflicts may arise when making securities investments for personal accounts or when
determining how to allocate trading opportunities. Conflicts of interest can also arise because of
personal relationships with others within or outside AB (such as family relationships, romantic
relationships, or close friendships) that may compromise objectivity and independent judgment.
AB has adopted policies, procedures, and controls designed to manage conflicts of interest,
including the Compliance Manual, Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and
Entertainment, copies of which can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site.
These policies highlight additional potential conflicts of interest.
Conflicts of interest can arise in many common situations; despite one’s best efforts to avoid them.
This Code does not attempt to identify all possible conflicts of interest. Literal compliance with each
of the specific procedures will not shield you from liability for personal trading or other conduct that
violates your fiduciary duties to our clients. All AB employees, consultants, officers, and directors are
encouraged to seek clarification of, and discuss questions about, potential conflicts of interest. If you
have questions about a particular situation or become aware of a conflict or potential conflict, you
should bring it to the attention of your supervisor, the General Counsel, the Conflicts Officer, the
Chief Compliance Officer or a representative of the Legal and Compliance Department or Human
Capital.
In addition to the specific prohibitions contained in the Code, you are, of course, subject to a general
requirement not to engage in any act or practice that would defraud our clients. This general
prohibition (which also applies specifically in connection with the purchase and sale of a Security
held or to be acquired or sold, as this phrase is defined in the Appendix) includes:
1 For purposes of this section of the Code, unless otherwise specifically provided, (i) “family” means your
spouse/domestic partner, parents, children, siblings, in-laws by marriage (i.e., mother-in-law, father-in-
law, son-in-law, and/or daughter-in-law) and anyone who shares your home; and (ii) “relative” means
members of your family (as defined), your aunts and uncles, and your first cousins.
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•Making any untrue statement of a material fact or employing any device, scheme, or artifice to
defraud a client;
•Omitting to state (or failing to provide any information necessary to properly clarify any
statements made, in light of the circumstances) a material fact, thereby creating a materially
misleading impression;
•Accepting any compensation for the purchase or sale of any property to or for a fund or other
client account;
•Making investment decisions, changes in research ratings and trading decisions other than
exclusively for the benefit of, and in the best interest of, our clients;
•Using information about investment or trading decisions or changes in research ratings (whether
considered, proposed or made) to benefit or avoid economic injury to you or anyone other than
our clients;
•Taking, delaying or omitting to take any action with respect to any research recommendation,
report or rating or any investment or trading decision for a client in order to avoid economic injury
to you or anyone other than our clients;
•Purchasing or selling a security on the basis of knowledge of a possible trade by or for a client
with the intent of personally profiting from personal holdings in the same or related securities
(“front-running” or “scalping”);
•Revealing to any other person (except in the normal course of your duties on behalf of a client)
any information regarding securities transactions by any client or the consideration by any client
of any such securities transactions; or
•Engaging in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or
deceit on a client or engaging in any manipulative practice with respect to any client.
AB requires all employees, covered consultants and directors to disclose any Conflicts of Interests
that any person may become aware of upon joining AB or during their course of employment or
board service.
These disclosures must be made to the Compliance Department through StarCompliance.
6.Insider Trading
There are instances where AB employees or directors may have confidential “inside” information
about AB or its affiliates, or about a company with which we do business, or about a company in
which we may invest on behalf of clients that is not known to the investing public. AB employees
must maintain the confidentiality of such information. If a reasonable investor would consider this
information important in reaching an investment decision, the AB employee or director with this
information must not buy or sell securities of any of the companies in question or give this
information to another person who trades in such securities. This rule is very important, and AB has
adopted the following three specific policies that address it: Policy and Procedures Concerning
Purchases and Sales of AB Units, Policy and Procedures Concerning Purchases and Sales of AB
Closed-End Mutual Funds, and Policy and Procedures Regarding Insider Trading and Control of
Material Nonpublic Information (collectively, the “AB Insider Trading Policies”). A copy of the AB
Insider Trading Policies may be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site. All AB
employees and directors are required to be familiar with these policies2 and to abide by them.
2 The subject of insider trading will be covered in various Compliance training programs and materials.
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7.Personal Trading: Summary of Restrictions
AB recognizes the importance to its employees and directors of being able to manage and develop
their own and their dependents’ financial resources through long-term investments and strategies.
However, because of the potential conflicts of interest inherent in our business, our industry and AB
have implemented certain standards and limitations designed to minimize these conflicts and help
ensure that we focus on meeting our duties as a fiduciary for our clients. As a general matter, AB
discourages personal investments by employees in individual securities and encourages personal
investments in managed collective vehicles, such as mutual funds.
AB senior management believes it is important for employees to align their own personal interests
with the interests of our clients. Consequently, employees are encouraged to invest in the
mutual fund products and services offered by AB, where available and appropriate.
The policies and procedures for personal trading are set forth in full detail in the AB Personal
Trading Policies and Procedures, included in the Code as Appendix A. The following is a summary
of the major requirements and restrictions that apply to personal trading by employees, their
immediate family members and other financial dependents.
•Employees must disclose all of their brokerage accounts to the Legal and Compliance
Department;
•Employees may maintain brokerage accounts only at specified designated broker-dealers
(exceptions may apply outside of the U.S.);
•Employees must pre-clear all securities trades with the Legal and Compliance Department (via
the StarCompliance Code of Ethics application) prior to placing trades with their broker-dealer
(prior supervisory approval is required for portfolio managers, research analysts, traders,
persons with access to AB research, and others designated by the Legal and Compliance
Department);
•Employees may only make twenty trades in individual securities during any rolling thirty
calendar-day period;
•Employee purchases of individual securities, ETFs, ETNs, closed-end funds and AB managed or
sub-advised open-end mutual funds) are subject to a 60-day holding period and 30-day buy-
back period (6 months for AB Japan Ltd.);
•Employees may not engage in short-term trading of a mutual fund in violation of that fund’s
short-term trading policies;
•Employees may not participate in initial public offerings of equity securities;
•Employees must get written approval, and make certain representations, in order to participate in
limited or private investments, including hedge funds;
•Employees must submit initial and annual holding reports, disclosing all securities and holdings
in mutual funds managed by AB held in personal accounts;
•Employees must, on a quarterly basis, submit or confirm reports identifying all transactions in
securities and mutual funds managed by AB in personal accounts;
•The Legal and Compliance Department has the authority to deny:
a.Any personal trade by an employee if the security is being considered for purchase or sale in
a client account; there are open orders for the security on a trading desk; or the security
appears on any AB restricted list;
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b.Any short sale by an employee for a personal account if the security is being held long in AB
- managed portfolios; and
c.Any personal trade by a portfolio manager or research analyst in a security that is subject to
a blackout period as a result of client portfolio trading or recommendations to clients.
•Separate requirements and restrictions apply to Directors who are not employees of AB, as
explained in further detail in the AB Personal Trading Policies and Procedures, Appendix A of
this document.
This summary should not be considered a substitute for reading, understanding, and complying with
the detailed restrictions and requirements that appear in the AB Personal Trading Policies and
Procedures, included as Appendix A to the Code.
8.Outside Directorships and Other Outside Activities and Interests
Although activities outside of AB are not necessarily a conflict of interest, a conflict may exist
depending upon your position within AB and AB’s relationship with the particular activity in question.
Outside activities may also create a potential conflict of interest if they cause an AB employee to
choose between that interest and the interests of AB or any client of AB. AB recognizes that the
guidelines in this Section are not applicable to directors of AB who do not also serve in management
positions within AB.
Important Note for Research Analysts: Notwithstanding the standards and prohibitions that follow in this
section, any employee who acts in the capacity of a research analyst is prohibited from serving on any
board of directors or trustees or in any other capacity with respect to any company, public or private, whose
business is directly or indirectly related to the industry covered by that research analyst.
a.Board Member or Trustee
i.AB employees are prohibited from serving on any board of directors or trustees or in any
other management capacity of any unaffiliated public company. However, under certain
limited circumstances, Compliance will consider exceptions to this prohibition where the
employee has received prior written approval from both AB’s Chief Executive Officer and
their supervisor. Once the necessary business approvals have been obtained, the employee
must submit an Outside Business Activities Approval Form for review and approval by
Compliance.
ii.No AB employee shall serve on any board of directors or trustees or in any other
management capacity of any private company (other than not-for-profit organizations, see
below) without prior written approval from the employee’s supervisor and Compliance
Department via an Outside Business Activities Approval Form. This approval is also subject
to review by, and may require the approval of, AB’s Chief Executive Officer. The decision as
to whether to grant such authorization will be based on a determination that such service
would not be inconsistent with the interests of any client, as well as an analysis of the time
commitment and potential personal liabilities and responsibilities associated with the outside
affiliation.3 Any AB employee who serves as a director, trustee or in any other management
capacity of any private company must resign that position prior to the company becoming a
publicly traded company.
3 Such authorization requires an agreement on the part of the employee to not hold him or herself out as
acting on behalf of AB (or any affiliate) and to use best efforts to ensure that AB’s name (or that of any AB
affiliated company) is not used in connection with the proposed affiliation (other than in a “bio” section),
and in particular, activities relating to fundraising or to the advancement of a specific entity mission or
agenda.
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iii.Not-for-Profit Organizations: Generally, no approval is required to serve as a trustee/board
member of not-for-profit organizations such as religious organizations, foundations,
educational institutions, co-ops, private clubs etc., provided that (a) the organization has not
issued, and does not have future plans to issue, publicly held securities, including debt
obligations; and/or (b) the employee does not act in any investment-related advisory capacity
(i.e., any direct or indirect role relating to investment advice or choosing investment advisers;
serving on investment committee).4 If the employee does act in such a capacity, or the
organization has issued or plans to issue, public securities, the Not-For-Profit Activities
Disclosure Form must be submitted and approved.
iv.This approval requirement applies regardless of whether an AB employee plans to serve as
a director of an outside business organization (1) in a personal capacity or (2) as a
representative of AB or of an entity within the AB Group holding a corporate board seat on
the outside organization (e.g., where AB or its clients may have a significant but non-
controlling equity interest in the outside company).
v.New employees with pre-existing relationships are required to resign from the boards of
public companies and seek and obtain the required approvals to continue to serve on the
boards of private companies.
b.Other Affiliations
AB discourages employees from committing to secondary employment, particularly if it poses any
conflict in meeting the employee’s ability to satisfactorily meet all job requirements and business
needs. Before an AB employee accepts a second job, that employee must:
•Complete and submit an Outside Business Activities Approval Form;
•Ensure that AB’s business takes priority over the secondary employment;
•Ensure that no conflict of interest exists between AB’s business and the secondary employment
(see also footnote 3); and
•Require no special accommodation for late arrivals, early departures, or other special requests
associated with the secondary employment.
For employees associated with any of AB’s registered broker-dealer subsidiaries, written approval of
the Chief Compliance Officer for the subsidiary is also required.5 New employees with pre-existing
relationships are required to ensure that their affiliations conform to these restrictions, and must
obtain the requisite approvals. On a periodic basis, such employees will be required to confirm that
the circumstances of the approved activities have not changed.
4 Indeed, AB recognizes that its employees often engage in community service in their local communities
and engage in a variety of charitable activities, and it commends such service. However, it is the duty of
every AB employee to ensure that all outside activities, even charitable or pro bono activities, do not
constitute a conflict of interest or are not otherwise inconsistent with employment by AB. Accordingly,
although no approval is required, each employee must use his/her best efforts to ensure that the
organization does not use the employee’s affiliation with AllianceBernstein, including his/her corporate
title, in any promotional (other than a “bio” section) or fundraising activities, or to advance a specific
mission or agenda of the entity. Such positions also must be reported to the firm pursuant to other
periodic requests for information (e.g., the AB 10-K questionnaire).
5 In the case of AB subsidiaries that are holding companies for consolidated subgroups, unless otherwise
specified by the holding company’s Chief Executive Officer, this approval may be granted by the Chief
Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer of each subsidiary or business unit within such a consolidated
subgroup.
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c.Outside Financial or Business Interests
AB employees should be cautious with respect to personal investments that may lead to conflicts of
interest or raise the appearance of a conflict. Conflicts of interest in this context may arise in cases
where an AB employee, a member of his or her family, or a close personal acquaintance, holds a
substantial interest in a company that has significant dealings with AB or any of its subsidiaries
either on a recurring or “one-off” basis. For example, holding a substantial interest in a family-
controlled or other privately-held company that does business with, or competes against, AB or any
of its subsidiaries may give rise to a conflict of interest or the appearance of a conflict. In contrast,
holding shares in a widely held public company that does business with AB from time to time may
not raise the same types of concerns. Prior to making any such personal investments, AB
employees must pre-clear the transaction, in accordance with the Personal Trading Policies and
Procedures, attached as Appendix A of this Code, and should consult as appropriate with their
supervisor, the Conflicts Officer, General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer or other representative
of the Legal and Compliance Department.
AB employees should also be cautious with respect to outside business interests that may create
divided loyalties, divert substantial amounts of their time and/or compromise their independent
judgment. If a conflict of interest situation arises, you should report it to your supervisor, the Conflicts
Officer, General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer and/or other representative of AB’s Human
Capital or Legal and Compliance Department. Business transactions that benefit relatives or close
personal friends, such as awarding a service contract to them or a company in which they have a
controlling or other significant interest, may also create a conflict of interest or the appearance of a
conflict. AB employees must consult their supervisor and/or the Conflicts Officer, General Counsel,
Chief Compliance Officer or other representative of AB’s Human Capital or Legal and Compliance
Department before entering into any such transaction. New employees that have outside financial or
business interests (as described herein) should report them as required and bring them to the
attention of their supervisor immediately.
9.Gifts, Entertainment, and Inducements
Business gifts and entertainment are designed to build goodwill and sound working relationships
among business partners. However, under certain circumstances, gifts, entertainment, favors,
benefits, and/or job offers may be or appear to be attempts to “purchase” favorable treatment.
Accepting or offering such inducements could raise doubts about an AB employee’s ability to make
independent business judgments in our clients’ or AB’s best interests. For example, a problem would
arise if (i) the receipt by an AB employee of a gift, entertainment or other inducement would
compromise, or could be reasonably viewed as compromising, that individual’s ability to make
objective and fair business decisions on behalf of AB or its clients, or (ii) the offering by an AB
employee of a gift, entertainment or other inducement appears to be an attempt to obtain business
through improper means or to gain any special advantage in our business relationships through
improper means.
These situations can arise in many different circumstances (including with current or prospective
suppliers and clients) and AB employees should keep in mind that certain types of inducements may
constitute illegal bribes, pay-offs or kickbacks. In particular, the rules of various securities regulators
place specific constraints on the activities of persons involved in the sales and marketing of
securities. AB has adopted the Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and
Entertainment to address these and other matters. AB employees must familiarize themselves with
this policy and comply with its requirements, which include reporting the acceptance of most
business meals, gifts and entertainment to the Compliance Department. A copy of this policy can be
found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site and will be supplied by the Compliance
Department upon request.
Each AB employee must use good judgment to ensure there is no violation of these principles. If you
have any question or uncertainty about whether any gifts, entertainment or other types of
inducements are appropriate, please contact your supervisor or a representative of AB’s Legal and
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Compliance Department and/or the Conflicts Officer, as appropriate. If you feel uncomfortable
utilizing the normal channels, issues may be brought to the attention of the Company Ombudsman,
who is a neutral, independent, informal and confidential resource to assist employees with concerns
about AB business matters that may implicate issues of ethics or questionable practices. Please see
Section 25 for additional information on the Company Ombudsman.
10.Compliance with Anti-Corruption Laws
AB employees should be aware that AB strictly prohibits the acceptance, offer, payment or
authorization, whether directly or via a third party, of any bribe, and any other form of corruption,
whether involving a government official or an employee of a public or private commercial entity.
Therefore, it is the responsibility of all AB employees to adhere to all applicable anti-corruption laws
and regulations in the jurisdictions in which they do business, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, and similar international laws regulating payments to public and
private sector individuals (collectively, the “Anti-Corruption Laws”).
We expect all AB employees to refuse to make or accept questionable and/or improper payments.
As a component of this commitment, no AB employee may give money, gifts, or anything else of
value (which include providing jobs or internships) to any official or any employee of a governmental
or commercial entity if doing so could reasonably be construed as an attempt to provide AB with an
improper business advantage. In addition, any proposed payment or gift to a government official,
including employees of government-owned or controlled enterprises (e.g., sovereign wealth and
pension funds, public utilities, and national banks), must be reviewed in advance by a representative
of the Legal and Compliance Department, even if such payment is common in the country of
payment (see discussion of the Anti-Corruption Laws below and in the firm’s Anti-Bribery and
Corruption Policy). AB employees should be aware that they do not actually have to make the
payment to violate AB’s policy and the law — merely offering, promising or authorizing it will be
considered a violation.
In order to ensure that AB fully complies with the requirements of the Anti-Corruption Laws,
employees must be familiar with the firm’s Anti-Bribery and Corruption Policy. Generally, the Anti-
Corruption Laws make it illegal (with civil and criminal penalties) for AB, and its employees and
agents, to provide anything of value to public or private sector employees, directly or indirectly, for
the purpose of obtaining an improper business advantage (which can include improperly securing
government licenses and permits). Accordingly, the use of AB funds or assets (or those of any third
party) to make a payment directly or through another person or company for any illegal, improper
and/or corrupt purpose is strictly prohibited.
It is often difficult to determine at what point a business courtesy extended to another person
crosses the line into becoming excessive, and what ultimately could be considered a bribe.
Therefore, no entertainment or gifts may be offered to, or travel or hotel expenses paid for, any
public official, including employees of government-owned or controlled enterprises, under any
circumstances, without the express prior written approval (e-mail correspondence is acceptable) of
the General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer, or their designees in the Legal and Compliance
Department.
11.Political Contributions/Activities
a.By or on behalf of AB
Election laws in many jurisdictions generally prohibit political contributions by corporations to
candidates. Many local laws also prohibit corporate contributions to local political campaigns. In
accordance with these laws, AB does not make direct contributions to any candidates for national or
local offices where applicable laws make such contributions illegal. In these cases, contributions to
political campaigns must not be, nor appear to be, made with or reimbursed by AB assets or
resources. AB assets and resources include (but are not limited to) AB facilities, personnel, office
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supplies, letterhead, telephones, electronic communication systems and fax machines. This means
that AB office facilities may not be used to host receptions or other events for political candidates or
parties which include any fund-raising activities or solicitations. In limited circumstances, AB office
facilities may be used to host events for public office holders as a public service, but only where
steps have been taken (such as not providing to the office holder a list of attendees) to avoid the
facilitation of fund-raising or solicitations either during or after the event, and where the event has
been pre-approved in writing by the General Counsel or Deputy General Counsel.
Please see the Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment, which can
be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site, for a discussion relating to political
contributions suggested by clients.
Election laws in many jurisdictions allow corporations to establish and maintain political action or
similar committees, which may lawfully make campaign contributions. AB or companies affiliated
with AB may establish such committees or other mechanisms through which AB employees may
make political contributions, if permitted under the laws of the jurisdictions in which they operate.
Any questions about this policy should be directed to the General Counsel or Chief Compliance
Officer.
b.By Employees / Directors
AB employees who hold or seek to hold political office must do so on their own time, whether
through vacation, after work hours or on weekends. Additionally, the employee must complete and
submit an Outside Business Activities Approval Form for review and approval to ensure that there
are no conflicts of interest with AB business.
AB employees may make personal political contributions as they see fit in accordance with all
applicable laws and the guidelines in the Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and
Entertainment, the Pay-to-Play: Political Contributions Policy, as well as the pre-clearance
requirement as described below.
Certain employees involved with the offering or distribution of municipal fund securities (e.g., a “529
Plan”) or acting as a director for certain subsidiaries must also adhere to the restrictions and
reporting requirements of the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board.
Several (U.S.) states and localities have enacted “pay-to-play” laws. Some of these laws could
prohibit AB from entering into a government contract for a certain number of years if a covered
employee makes or solicits a covered contribution. Other jurisdictions require AB to report
contributions made by certain employees, without the accompanying ban on business. In certain
jurisdictions, the laws also cover the activities of the spouse and dependent children of the covered
person. In response to these laws, in addition to SEC Rule 206(4)-5, which also prohibits certain
political contributions, AB has in place a pre-clearance requirement, under which all employees must
pre-clear with the Compliance Department through StarCompliance, all personal political
contributions (including those of their spouses and dependent children) made to, or solicited on
behalf of, any (U.S.) federal, state or local candidate, political party, or political entity.
Similarly, members of the AB Board of Directors are covered by the Policy Regarding Pre-
Clearance of Personal Political Contributions by AllianceBernstein Directors, which also requires that
they pre-clear with the Compliance Department all personal political contributions (including those of
their spouses and dependent children) made to, or solicited on behalf of, any U.S. federal, state or
local candidate or political party.
12.“Ethical Wall” Policy
AB has established a policy entitled Insider Trading and Control of Material Non-Public Information
(“Ethical Wall Policy”), a copy of which can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department
intranet site. This policy was established to prevent the flow of material non-public information about
a listed company or its securities from AB employees who receive such information in the course of
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their employment to those AB employees performing investment management activities. If “Ethical
Walls” are in place, AB’s investment management activities may continue despite the knowledge of
material non-public information by other AB employees involved in different parts of AB’s business.
“Investment management activities” involve making, participating in, or obtaining information
regarding purchases or sales of securities of public companies or making, or obtaining information
about, recommendations with respect to purchases or sales of such securities. Given AB’s extensive
investment management activities, it is very important for AB employees to familiarize themselves
with AB’s Ethical Wall Policy and abide by it.
13.Use of Client Relationships
As discussed previously, AB owes fiduciary duties to each of our clients. These require that our
actions with respect to client assets or vendor relationships be based solely on the clients’ best
interests and avoid any appearance of being based on our own self-interest. Therefore, we must
avoid using client assets or relationships to inappropriately benefit AB.
Briefly, AB regularly acquires services directly for itself, and indirectly on behalf of its clients (e.g.,
brokerage, investment research, custody, administration, auditing, accounting, printing and legal
services). Using the existence of these relationships to obtain discounts or favorable pricing on items
purchased directly for AB or for clients other than those paying for the services may create conflicts
of interest. Accordingly, business relationships maintained on behalf of our clients may not be used
to leverage pricing for AB when acting for its own account unless all pricing discounts and
arrangements are shared ratably with those clients whose existing relationships were used to
negotiate the arrangement and the arrangement is otherwise appropriate under relevant legal/
regulatory guidelines. For example, when negotiating printing services for the production of AB’s
Form 10-K and annual report, we may not ask the proposed vendor to consider the volume of
printing business that they may get from AB on behalf of the investment funds we manage when
proposing a price. On the other hand, vendor/service provider relationships with AB may be used to
leverage pricing on behalf of AB’s clients.
In summary, while efforts made to leverage our buying power are good business, efforts to obtain a
benefit for AB as a result of vendor relationships that we structure or maintain on behalf of clients
may create conflicts of interest, which should be escalated to your line manager and Compliance so
that they can be reviewed and addressed.
14.Corporate Opportunities and Resources
AB employees owe a duty to AB to advance the firm’s legitimate interests when the opportunity to do
so arises and to use corporate resources exclusively for that purpose. Corporate opportunities and
resources must not be taken or used for personal gain or promotion. AB employees are prohibited
from:
•Taking for themselves personally opportunities that are discovered through the use of company
property, information or their position;
•Using company property, information, resources, or their company position for personal gain or
promotion;
•Creating personal websites related to the financial services industry or which promote
themselves and their skills based on their responsibilities at AB;
•Using company property, information or their company position on personal websites or social
media platforms (e.g. YouTube, Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, etc.) or other marketing channels in
a way that is inconsistent with AB’s Use of Social Media Policy; and
•Competing with AB directly or indirectly.
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Please also refer to the Policy and Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment,
and its Appendix B, the Code of Conduct Regarding the Purchase of Products and Services on
Behalf of AB and its Clients, which can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet
site.
AB directors also owe AB a duty of loyalty, which requires, among other things, that they may not
misappropriate company opportunities or misuse company assets for their personal benefit.
15.Antitrust and Fair Dealing
AB believes that the welfare of consumers is best served by economic competition. Our policy is to
compete vigorously, aggressively, and successfully in today’s increasingly competitive business
climate and to do so at all times in compliance with all applicable antitrust, competition and fair
dealing laws in all the markets in which we operate. We seek to excel while operating honestly and
ethically, never through taking unfair advantage of others. Each AB employee should endeavor to
deal fairly with AB’s customers, suppliers, competitors, and other AB employees. No one should take
unfair advantage through manipulation, concealment, abuse of privileged information,
misrepresentation of material facts or any other unfair dealing practices.
The antitrust laws of many jurisdictions are designed to preserve a competitive economy and
promote fair and vigorous competition. We are all required to comply with these laws and
regulations. AB employees involved in marketing, sales and purchasing, contracts or in discussions
with competitors have a particular responsibility to ensure that they understand our standards and
are familiar with applicable competition laws. Because these laws are complex and can vary from
one jurisdiction to another, AB employees are urged to seek advice from the General Counsel, Chief
Compliance Officer or Corporate Secretary if questions arise. Please also refer to the Policy and
Procedures for Giving and Receiving Gifts and Entertainment, which can be found on the Legal and
Compliance Department intranet site, for a discussion relating to some of these issues.
16.Recordkeeping and Retention
Properly maintaining and retaining company records is of the utmost importance. AB employees are
responsible for ensuring that AB’s business records are properly maintained and retained in
accordance with applicable laws and regulations in the jurisdictions where it operates. AB
Employees should familiarize themselves with these laws and regulations. Please see the Record
Retention Policy on the Legal and Compliance intranet site for more information.
As AB onboards new electronic communications platforms, employees are required to comply with
the Use of Electronic Communications policy. Additional information on AB’s requirements around
electronic communications can be found on the Electronic Communications section of the
Compliance Manual.
17.Improper Influence on Conduct of Audits
AB employees, and persons acting under their direction, are prohibited from taking any action to
coerce, manipulate, mislead, hinder, obstruct or fraudulently influence any external auditor, internal
auditor or regulator engaged in the performance of an audit or review of AB’s financial statements
and/or procedures. AB employees are required to cooperate fully with any such audit or review.
The following is a non-exhaustive list of actions that might constitute improper influence:
•Offering or paying bribes or other financial incentives to an auditor, including offering future
employment or contracts for audit or non-audit services;
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•Knowingly providing an internal or external auditor or regulator with inaccurate or misleading
data or information;
•Threatening to cancel or canceling existing non-audit or audit engagements if the auditor objects
to the company’s accounting;
•Seeking to have a partner or other team member removed from the audit engagement because
such person objects to the company’s accounting;
•Knowingly altering, tampering or destroying company documents;
•Knowingly withholding pertinent information; or
•Knowingly providing incomplete information.
Under the (U.S.) Sarbanes Oxley Law, any false statement -- that is, any lie or attempt to deceive an
investigator -- may result in criminal prosecution.
18.Accuracy of Disclosure
Securities and other laws impose public disclosure requirements on AB and require it to regularly file
reports and financial information and make other submissions to various regulators and stock market
authorities around the globe. Such reports and submissions must comply with all applicable legal
requirements and may not contain misstatements or omit material facts.
AB employees who are directly or indirectly involved in preparing such reports and submissions, or
who regularly communicate with the press, investors and analysts concerning AB, must ensure
within the scope of the employee’s job activities that such reports, submissions and communications
are (i) full, fair, timely, accurate and understandable, and (ii) meet applicable legal requirements.
This applies to all public disclosures, oral statements, visual presentations, press conferences and
media calls concerning AB, its financial performance and similar matters. In addition, members of
AB’s Board, executive officers and AB employees who regularly communicate with analysts or actual
or potential investors in AB securities are subject to the AB Regulation FD Compliance Policy copy
of the policy can be found on the Legal and Compliance Department intranet site.
19.Confidentiality
Subject to Section 23, AB employees must maintain the confidentiality of sensitive non-public and
other confidential information entrusted to them by AB or its clients and vendors and must not
disclose such information to any persons except when disclosure is authorized by AB or mandated
by regulation or law. However, disclosure may be made to (1) other AB employees who have a bona
fide “need to know” in connection with their duties, (2) persons outside AB (such as attorneys,
accountants or other advisers) who need to know in connection with a specific mandate or
engagement from AB or who otherwise have a valid business or legal reason for receiving it and
have executed appropriate confidentiality agreements, or (3) regulators pursuant to an appropriate
written request (see Section 23).
Confidential information includes all non-public information that might be of use to competitors, or
harmful to AB or our clients and vendors, if disclosed. The identity of certain clients may also be
confidential. Intellectual property (such as confidential product information, trade secrets, patents,
trademarks, and copyrights), business, marketing and service plans, databases, records, salary
information, unpublished financial data and reports as well as information that joint venture partners,
suppliers or customers have entrusted to us are also viewed as confidential information. Please note
that the obligation to preserve confidential information continues even after employment with AB
ends.
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To safeguard confidential information, AB employees should observe at least the following
procedures:
•Special confidentiality arrangements may be required for certain parties, including outside
business associates and governmental agencies and trade associations, seeking access to
confidential information;
•Papers relating to non-public matters should be appropriately safeguarded;
•Appropriate controls for the reception and oversight of visitors to sensitive areas should be
implemented and maintained;
•Document control procedures, such as numbering counterparts and recording their distribution,
should be used where appropriate;
•If an AB employee is out of the office in connection with a material non-public transaction, staff
members should use caution in disclosing the AB employee’s location;
•Sensitive business conversations, whether in person or on the telephone, should be avoided in
public places and care should be taken when using portable computers and similar devices in
public places; and
•E-mail messages and attachments containing material non-public information should be treated
with similar discretion (including encryption, if appropriate), and recipients should be made aware
of the need to exercise similar discretion.
Nothing herein, or in any contractual confidentiality provision to which any employee is subject,
prohibits employees from reporting possible violations of law or regulation to any governmental
agency or entity, or self-regulatory authority, or from making other disclosures that are protected
under the whistleblower provisions of state or federal law or regulation. Employees do not need AB’s
prior authorization to make any such reports or disclosures and are not required to notify AB that
they have made such reports or disclosures.
Please see the Privacy Policy on the Legal and Compliance intranet site for more information.
20.Protection and Proper Use of AB Assets
AB employees have a responsibility to safeguard and make proper and efficient use of AB’s
property. Every AB employee also has an obligation to protect AB’s property from loss, fraud,
damage, misuse, theft, embezzlement or destruction. Acts of fraud, theft, loss, misuse, carelessness
and waste of assets may have a direct impact on AB’s profitability. Any situations or incidents that
could lead to the theft, loss, fraudulent or other misuse or waste of AB property should be reported to
your supervisor or a representative of AB’s Human Capital or Legal and Compliance Department as
soon as they come to an employee’s attention. Should an employee feel uncomfortable utilizing the
normal channels, issues may be brought to the attention of the Company Ombudsman, who is a
neutral, independent, informal and confidential resource to assist employees with concerns about AB
business matters that may implicate issues of ethics or questionable practices. Please see Section
25 for additional information on the Company Ombudsman.
21.Policy on Intellectual Property
a.Overview
Ideas, inventions, discoveries, and other forms of so-called “intellectual property” are becoming
increasingly important to all businesses, including ours. Recently, financial services companies have
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been applying for and obtaining patents on their financial product offerings and “business methods”
for both offensive and defensive purposes. For example, business method patents have been
obtained for information processing systems, data gathering and processing systems, billing and
collection systems, tax strategies, asset allocation strategies and various other financial systems and
strategies. The primary goals of the AB policy on intellectual property are to preserve our ability to
use our own proprietary business methods, protect our IP investments and reduce potential risks
and liabilities.
b.Employee Responsibilities
•New Products and Methods. Employees must maintain detailed records and all work papers
related to the development of new products and methods in a safe and secure location.
•Trademarks. Clearance must be obtained from the Legal and Compliance Department before
any new word, phrase or slogan, which we consider proprietary and in need of trademark
protection, is adopted or used in any written materials. To obtain clearance, the proposed word,
phrase or slogan and a brief description of the products or services for which it is intended to be
used should be communicated to the Legal and Compliance Department sufficiently well in
advance of any actual use in order to permit any necessary clearance investigation.
•Work Product. Work product refers to any and all work product, inventions, developments,
discoveries, improvements, works of authorship, intellectual property, ideas and concepts,
including all tangible embodiments and copies thereof, that are authored, invented, created,
discovered, derived, improved, conceived, reduced to practice or produced by an employee,
either alone or jointly with other persons during their employment with AB. Employees must:
oUnderstand and agree that any and all work product that (i) incorporates or reflects any
confidential or proprietary information provided by AB, (ii) is, to any extent, developed
utilizing any software, supplies, equipment or facilities provided by AB, (iii) relates to the
business of AB or AB’s research and development, or (iv) results from any work
performed for AB, in each case, belongs exclusively to AB and is, to the extent permitted
by law, a “work-made-for-hire”.
oPromptly disclose and keep all proper records of such work product with the
understanding that the employee assigns all titles, interests and rights associated with it
to AB so that the work product shall remain the exclusive property of AB. Where
permitted by law, the employee irrevocably releases, waives, and assigns in favor of AB
any and all moral rights related to such work product.
oAgree to do all acts and things (including the execution and delivery of intellectual
property applications and instruments of assignment) at any time requested by AB in
order to affect the assignment of such work product to AB, or to perfect, protect, or to
otherwise exercise its ownership interest in such work product. If AB is unable, after
reasonable effort, to secure the employee’s signature on any documents required under
this agreement, any duly authorized officer or employee of AB will be entitled to execute
any such documents as agent and attorney-in-fact. Employee hereby irrevocably
designates and appoints each such officer or employee of AB as agent and attorney-in-
fact to execute any such documents on their behalf, and to take any and all actions as
AB may deem necessary or desirable, in order to protect its rights and interests in such
work product.
c.Company Policies and Practices
•Ownership. Employees acknowledge that any discoveries, inventions, or improvements
(collectively, “Inventions”) made or conceived by them in connection with, and during the course
of, their employment belong, and automatically are assigned, to AB. AB can keep any such
Inventions as trade secrets or include them in patent applications, and Employees will assist AB
in doing so. Employees agree to take any action requested by AB, including the execution of
appropriate agreements and forms of assignment, to evidence the ownership by AB of any such
Invention.
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•Use of Third-Party Materials. In performing one’s work for, or on behalf of AB, Employees will not
knowingly disclose or otherwise make available, or incorporate anything that is proprietary to a
third party without obtaining appropriate permission.
•Potential Infringements. Any concern regarding copyright, trademark, or patent infringement
should be immediately communicated to the Legal and Compliance Department. Questions of
infringement by AB will be investigated and resolved as promptly as possible.
By certifying in accordance with Section 27 of this Code, the individual subject to this Code agrees to
comply with AB’s policies and practices related to intellectual property as described in this Section
21.
22.Exceptions from the Code
In addition to the exceptions contained within the specific provisions of the Code, the General
Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer (or his or her designee) may, in very limited circumstances, grant
other exceptions under any Section of this Code on a case-by-case basis. In these situations, the
following may be required as deemed necessary considering the circumstances:
a.Written Statement and Supporting Documentation
The individual seeking the exception may need to furnish to the Chief Compliance Officer, or
designee, as applicable:
i.A written statement detailing the request or efforts made to comply with the requirement from
which the individual seeks an exception;
ii.A written statement containing a representation and warranty that (i) compliance with the
requirement would impose a severe undue hardship on the individual and (ii) the exception
would not, in any manner or degree, harm or defraud a client, violate the general principles
herein or compromise the individual’s or AB’s fiduciary duty to any client; and/or
iii.Any supporting documentation that the Chief Compliance Officer may require.
b.Compliance Interview
The Chief Compliance Officer (or designee) may conduct an interview with the individual or take
such other steps deemed appropriate in order to determine whether granting the exception will not,
in any manner or degree, harm or defraud a client, violate the general principles herein or
compromise the individual’s or AB’s fiduciary duty to any client; and shall maintain all written
statements and supporting documentation, as well as documentation of the basis for granting the
exception.
PLEASE NOTE: To the extent required by law or NYSE rule, any waiver or amendment of this Code
for AB’s executive officers (including AB’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and
Principal Accounting Officer) or directors shall be made at the discretion of the Board of
AllianceBernstein Corporation and promptly disclosed to the unitholders of AllianceBernstein Holding
pursuant to Section 303A.10 of the NYSE Exchange Listed Company Manual.
23.Regulatory Inquiries, Investigations and Litigation
a.Requests for Information
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Governmental agencies and regulatory organizations may from time to time conduct surveys or
make inquiries that request information about AB, its customers or others that generally would be
considered confidential or proprietary.
All regulatory inquiries concerning AB are to be handled by the Chief Compliance Officer or General
Counsel. Employees receiving such inquiries should refer such matters immediately to the Legal and
Compliance Department.
b.Types of Inquiries
Regulatory inquiries may be received by mail, e-mail, telephone or personal visit. In the case of a
personal visit, demand may be made for the immediate production or inspection of documents.
While any telephone or personal inquiry should be handled in a courteous manner, the caller or
visitor should be informed that responses to such requests are the responsibility of AB’s Legal and
Compliance Department. Therefore, the visitor should be asked to wait briefly while a call is made to
the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel for guidance on how to proceed. In the case of a
telephone inquiry, the caller should be referred to the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel
or informed that his/her call will be promptly returned. Letter or e-mail inquiries should be forwarded
promptly to the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel, who will provide an appropriate
response.
c.Responding to Information Requests
Subject to Section 23, under no circumstances should any documents or material be released to a
regulator without prior approval of the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel. Likewise, no
employee should have substantive discussions with any regulatory personnel without prior
consultation with either of these individuals.
d.Use of Outside Counsel
It is the responsibility of the Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel to retain and provide
information to AB’s outside counsel in those instances deemed appropriate and necessary.
e.Regulatory Investigation
Any employee that is notified that they are the subject of a regulatory investigation, whether in
connection with his or her activities at AB or at a previous employer, must immediately notify the
Chief Compliance Officer or General Counsel.
f.Litigation
Any receipt of service or other notification of a pending or threatened action against the firm should
be brought to the immediate attention of the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer. These
individuals also should be informed of any instance in which an employee is sued in a matter
involving his/her activities on behalf of AB. Notice also should be given to either of these individuals
upon receipt of a subpoena for information from AB relating to any matter in litigation or receipt of a
garnishment lien or judgment against the firm or any of its clients or employees. The General
Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer will determine the appropriate response.
24.Compliance and Reporting of Misconduct / “Whistleblower” Protection
No Code can address all specific situations. Accordingly, each AB employee is responsible for
applying the principles set forth in this Code in a responsible fashion and with the exercise of good
judgment and common sense. Whenever uncertainty arises, an AB employee should seek guidance
from an appropriate supervisor or a representative of Human Capital or the Legal and Compliance
Department before proceeding.
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All AB employees should promptly report any practices or actions the employee believes to be
inappropriate or inconsistent with any provisions of this Code. In addition, all employees must
promptly report any actual violations of the Code to the General Counsel, the Chief Compliance
Officer or a designee. Any person reporting a violation in good faith, or asserting any right provided
by law or in exercising their duties as set forth in our policies, will be protected against reprisals. If
you have information about Code or other AB policy violations or potentially illegal or unethical
activity, visit the Legal & Compliance Loop site for further information or visit https://
secure.ethicspoint.com/domain/media/en/gui/44414/index.html.
If you feel uncomfortable utilizing the formal channels, issues may be brought to the attention of the
Company Ombudsman, who is a neutral, independent, informal and confidential resource to assist
employees with concerns about AB business matters that may implicate issues of ethics or
questionable practices. Please see Section 25 for additional information on the Company
Ombudsman.
Nothing herein, or in any contractual confidentiality provision to which any employee is subject,
prohibits employees from reporting possible violations of law or regulation to any governmental
agency or entity, or self-regulatory authority, or from making other disclosures that are protected
under the whistleblower provisions of state or federal law or regulation. Employees do not need AB’s
prior authorization to make any such reports or disclosures and are not required to notify AB that
they have made such reports or disclosures.
25.Company Ombudsman
AB’s Company Ombudsman provides a neutral, confidential, informal and independent
communications channel where any AB employee can obtain assistance in surfacing and resolving
work-related issues. The primary purpose of the Ombudsman is to help AB:
•Safeguard its reputation and financial, human and other company assets;
•Maintain an ethical and fiduciary culture;
•Demonstrate and achieve its commitment to “doing the right thing;” and
•Comply with relevant provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the U.S. Sentencing
Guidelines, as well as AB’s 2003 SEC Order, New York Stock Exchange Rule 303A.10 and
other laws, regulations and policies.
The Ombudsman seeks to provide early warnings and to identify changes that will prevent
malfeasance and workplace issues from becoming significant or recurring. The Ombudsman has a
reporting relationship to the AB CEO, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of
AllianceBernstein Corporation and independent directors of AB’s U.S. mutual fund boards.
Any type of work-related issue may be brought to the Ombudsman, including potential or actual
financial malfeasance, security matters, inappropriate business practices, compliance issues,
unethical behavior, violations of law, health and safety issues, and employee relations issues. The
Ombudsman supplements but does not replace existing formal channels for reporting work-related
issues, such as Human Capital, Legal and Compliance, Internal Audit and line management.
26.Sanctions
Upon learning of a violation of this Code, any member of the AB Group, with the advice of the
General Counsel, the Chief Compliance Officer and/or the AB Code of Ethics Oversight Committee,
may impose such sanctions as such member deems appropriate, including, among other things,
restitution, censure, suspension or termination of service. Persons subject to this Code who fail to
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comply with it may also be violating the U.S. federal securities laws or other federal, state or local
laws within their particular jurisdictions.
27.Annual Certifications
Each person subject to this Code must certify at least annually to the Chief Compliance Officer that
he or she has read and understands the Code. As part of these certifications, the employee
confirms that they are (1) subject to and have complied with the Code’s provisions, (2) disclosed or
reported all personal securities transactions, conflicts of interests and other items required, and (3)
understand and complied with all related policies referenced within this Code (e.g., electronic
communications). The Chief Compliance Officer may require interim certifications for significant
changes to the Code.
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APPENDIX A
AllianceBernstein L.P.
PERSONAL TRADING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
1.Overview
a.Introduction
AB recognizes the importance to its employees of being able to manage and develop their own and their
dependents’ financial resources through long-term investments and strategies. However, because of the
potential conflicts of interest inherent in our business and our industry. AB has implemented certain
standards and limitations designed to minimize these conflicts and help ensure that we focus on meeting
our duties as a fiduciary for our clients. Employees should be aware that their ability to liquidate
positions may be severely restricted under these policies, including during times of market
volatility. Therefore, as a general matter, AB discourages personal investments by employees in individual
securities and encourages personal investments in managed collective vehicles, such as mutual funds.
AB senior management believes it is important for employees to align their own personal interests with the
interests of our clients. Consequently, employees are encouraged to invest in the mutual fund
products and services offered by AB, where available and appropriate.
b.Definitions
The following definitions apply for purposes of this Appendix A of the Code; however additional definitions
are contained in the text itself.1
1."AB Funds” means any AB-sponsored, managed, or sub-advised fund registered under the
Investment Company Act of 1940 or relevant regulations in other jurisdictions. For purposes of
this policy, “AB Funds” are Reportable Securities.
2.“Automatic Investment Plan” refers to a plan that makes automatic purchases for the plan
owner based on an agreed schedule and allocation. Dividend Reinvestment Plans, or DRIPs,
are one type of “automatic investment plan”.
Employees may be asked to submit additional documentation evidencing the automatic
investment plan as part of AB’s compliance monitoring.
3.“Beneficial Ownership” refers to an Employee’s or their Dependent’s ability to directly or
indirectly profit or share in the profits of a security transaction. In general, the definition of
“beneficial ownership” is interpreted in the same manner as the provisions set forth under Section
16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
4.“Client” means any person or entity, including an investment company, for which AB serves as
investment manager or adviser.
1Due to the importance that AB places on promoting responsible personal trading, we have applied the definition of
“access person,” as used in Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act and Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act, and related
requirements to all AB employees and officers. We have drafted special provisions for directors of AB who are not
also employees of AB.
2
5.“Chief Compliance Officer” refers to AllianceBernstein LP’s Chief Compliance Officer.
6.“Code of Ethics Oversight Committee” refers to the committee of AB’s senior officers that is
responsible for monitoring compliance with the Code.
7.“Control” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act.
8.“Dependent” refers to any individual who resides within an Employee’s household and relies on
the Employee for financial support. While not exhaustive, examples include an Employee's
spouse, domestic partner, parent, child, sibling or in-laws who share the same household as the
Employee. Note that a “dependent” may spend a portion of this time away from the household
(for example, a child in college) but will still be considered a “dependent” if they rely on the
Employee for any financial support.
9."Designated Broker” refers to brokerage firms where AB receives automated data feeds for
transactions and positions for Personal Accounts.2 3 The current list of “Designated Brokers” can
be found here.
10.“Director” means any person who serves in the capacity of a director of AllianceBernstein
Corporation. “Affiliated Outside Director” means any Director who is not an Employee (as defined
below) but who is an employee of an entity affiliated with AB. “Outside Director” means any
Director who is neither an Employee (as defined below) nor an employee of an entity affiliated
with AB.
11.“Employee” refers to any person who is an employee or officer of AB, including part-time
employees and consultants (acting in the capacity of a portfolio manager, trader or research
analyst, or others at the discretion of the Compliance Department or their Business Unit) under
the Control of AB.
12.“Exempt Security” refers to the following security types:
•Securities issued by the Government of the United States, e.g. US Treasury bonds
and US Savings bonds;
•High quality money market or short-term debt instruments, including CDs, commercial
paper, and repurchase agreements;
•Shares of money market funds;
•Open-end mutual funds, excluding AB Funds;
•Cryptocurrency and digital assets4; and
•Other security types as determined by AB’s Code of Ethics Compliance team.
13.“Initial Public Offering” means an offering of equity Securities registered under the Securities
Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act”), the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not
subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as well as
similar offerings of Securities issued outside the United States.
2 Exceptions may apply in certain non-U.S. locations. Please consult with your local compliance officer.
3 Non-discretionary accounts at Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC. may only be used for the following purposes:
(a) Custody of securities and related activities (such as receiving and delivering positions, corporate actions, and
subscribing to offerings commonly handled by operations such as State of Israel bonds, etc.); (b) Transacting in US
Treasury securities; and (c) Transacting in AB products outside of a private client relationship (such as hedge funds
and AB/SCB mutual funds). All equity and fixed income transactions (other than US Treasuries) are prohibited.
3
4 Note that while cryptocurrency and other digital assets are not considered a security under the current definition,
this is listed as an “exempt security” to help clarify for employees that cryptocurrency and digital assets are out of
scope for the requirements under this policy.
14.“Investment Personnel” refers to:
a.Any Employee who acts in the capacity of a portfolio manager, research analyst or trader or
any other capacity (such as an assistant to one of the foregoing) and in connection with his or
her regular duties makes or participates in making, or is in a position to be aware of,
recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by a Client;
b.Any Employee who receives or has access to sell-side research paid for by AB or AB client
assets (e.g. Soft-Dollar Commissions);
c.Any other Employee designated as such by the Legal and Compliance Department or their
Business Unit; or
d.Any natural person who Controls AB and who obtains information concerning
recommendations made to a Client regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Client.
15.“Limited Offering” means an offering that is exempt from registration under the 1933 Act
pursuant to Sections 4(2) or 4(6) thereof or pursuant to Rules 504, 505 or 506 under the 1933
Act, as well as similarly exempted offerings of Securities issued outside the United States.
Investments in hedge funds are typically sold in a limited offering setting.
16.“Managed Account” is an account where the Employee or their Dependent has authorized a
third-party to exercise investment discretion and control over the transactions and holdings in the
account. Since neither the Employee nor their Dependent directs or approves the investments
themselves and/or the timing of the investment for “managed accounts”, these accounts are
exempt from most of the requirements and restrictions found in Section 2 of this Policy, including
the pre-clearance requirement. Please see Section 2 below for more details. “Managed
accounts” that meet the definition of a Personal Account must be reported in StarCompliance.
When declaring a “managed account”, Employees may be asked to provide additional account
information so that Compliance can confirm that the account meets this definition.
Note that managed accounts are not required to be held with Designated Brokers, but employees
will be required to submit account statements and trade confirmations if and when requested by
the Compliance Department.
17.“Non-volitional Transaction” is a transaction where the Employee or their Dependent does not
have any influence or control over the trade and/or the timing of the trade. Examples of non-
volitional trades are options being exercised or expiring on an Employee, sale of fractional shares
when transferring assets from your current broker to a different one, and corporate actions where
the employee does not have the ability to elect participation.
As part of AB's compliance monitoring. Employees may be asked to submit additional
documentation evidencing that a transaction was non-volitional.
18.“Personal Account” refers to any account that meets the following criteria:
•The Employee or a Dependent of the Employee has Beneficial Ownership of the account
or has investment authority over any transactions and/or timing of the transactions in
the account, even if they are not the beneficial owner of the account; AND
•The account has the ability to invest in Reportable Securities (defined below).
Managed Accounts that meet the above definition of a “personal account” must be disclosed.
4
Please note that most 401K accounts, HSA Investment accounts, and 529 Plans will not require
reporting or pre-clearance of transactions since they typically only permit investments in a limited
list of non-AB Funds; However, if they have the ability to invest in Reportable Securities,
including AB Funds, then these accounts would be considered “personal accounts” and should
be reported as required by this Policy.
19.“Purchase or Sale of a Security” includes, among other transactions, the writing or purchase of
an option to sell a Security and any short sale of a Security.
20.“Reportable Security” or “Security” means any security that does not meet the definition of an
Exempt Security.
IMPORTANT NOTES:
i.Exchange-Traded Funds ("ETFs") are “reportable securities,” and therefore are
subject to the governing rules, including the pre-clearance requirement. All ETFs
require pre-clearance, but will be subject to expedited approval.
ii.Direct investment in Bitcoin or other crypto currencies are currently not covered under
this definition of Security. However, as global regulators move closer to regulating these
securities, the lack of prohibition and AB's position on pre-clearance and/or reporting, is
subject to change.
21.A Security is “Being Considered for Purchase or Sale” when:
a.An AB research analyst issues research information regarding initial coverage of, or changing
a rating with respect to a company or issuer. This applies to research from both the buy-side
and sell-side analysts ;
b.A portfolio manager has indicated his or her intention to purchase or sell a Security; or
c.An open order5 in the Security exists on any buy-side trading desk.
This is not an exhaustive list. At the discretion of the Legal and Compliance Department, a
Security may be deemed “Being Considered for Purchase or Sale”even if none of the above
events have occurred, particularly if a portfolio manager is contemplating the purchase or sale of
that Security, as evidenced by written or digital communication or the manager’s preparation of,
or request for, research.
22.“Security held or to be acquired or sold” means:
a.Any Security which, within the most recent 15 days (i) is or has been held by a Client in an
AB-managed account or (ii) is being or has been considered by AB for purchase or sale for
the Client; and/or
b.Any option to purchase or sell, and any Security convertible into or exchangeable for, a
Security.
23.“StarCompliance Code of Ethics application” means the web-based application used to
electronically pre-clear personal securities transactions and file many of the reports required
herein. The application can be accessed via the AB network at: https://alliance-
ng.starcompliance.com.
2.Requirements and Restrictions – All Employees
The following standards which must be observed by Employees:
a.General Standards
5Defined as any client order on a buy-side trading desk which has not been completely executed.
5
Employees have an obligation to conduct their personal investing activities and related Securities
transactions lawfully and in a manner that avoids actual or potential conflicts between their own interests
and the interests of AB and its clients. Employees must carefully consider the nature of their AB
responsibilities - and the type of information that he or she might be deemed to possess in light of any
particular securities transaction - before engaging in any investment-related activity or transaction.
i.Material Nonpublic Information: Employees in possession of material nonpublic information about
or affecting securities, or their issuer, are prohibited from buying or selling such Securities, or
advising any other person to buy or sell such securities. Similarly, they may not disclose such
information to anyone without the permission of the General Counsel or Chief Compliance
Officer. Please see AB's Insider Trading Policies, which can be found on the Legal and
Compliance Department intranet site.
ii.Short-Term Trading: Employees are encouraged to adopt long-term investment strategies (see
Section 2(f) for applicable holding and buy-back periods for individual securities). Similarly,
purchases of shares of most mutual funds should be made for investment purposes. Employees
are therefore prohibited from engaging in transactions in a mutual fund that are in violation of the
fund’s prospectus, including any applicable short-term trading or market-timing prohibitions.
iii.Personal Responsibility: It is the responsibility of each Employee to ensure that all securities
transactions in Personal Accounts are made in strict compliance with the restrictions and
procedures in the Code and this Appendix A and otherwise comply with all applicable legal and
regulatory requirements.
Affiliated Directors and Outside Directors: The personal trading restrictions of Appendix A of the
Code do not apply to any Affiliated Director or Outside Director, provided that at the time of the
transaction, they have no actual knowledge that the Security involved is “Being Considered for
Purchase or Sale.” Affiliated Directors and Outside Directors, however, are subject to reporting
requirements as described in Section 9 below.
b.Disclosure of Personal Accounts
Upon joining AB, all Employees must disclose their Personal Accounts to the Compliance Department
within 10 business days of joining and take all necessary actions to close any accounts, other than
Managed Accounts, held with non-designated brokers6 (see next section). It is each Employee’s
responsibility to ensure that their accounts are either linked to AB’s broker feeds, if held at a Designated
Broker, or to provide duplicate statements and trade confirmations upon request from Compliance. Do not
assume that the broker-dealer will automatically arrange for this information to be set up and forwarded
correctly.
New accounts opened by Employees after their initial disclosure should be disclosed immediately to
Compliance. In general, pre-approval is not required to open the new account; however, Personal
Accounts, except for Managed Accounts, should only be opened at a Designated Broker.
6 Exceptions may apply in certain non-U.S. locations. Please consult with your local compliance officer.
6
c.Designated Brokerage Account7
Personal Accounts of an Employee, other than Managed Accounts, may only be held at a Designated
Broker. Under limited circumstances, the Compliance Department may grant exceptions to this policy and
approve the use of other broker-dealers or custodians (such as in the case of proprietary products that can
only be held at specific firms). In addition, the Compliance Department may in the future modify this list.
d.Pre-Clearance Requirement
Employees and their Dependents may not purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any Reportable
Security in which they have (or after such transaction would have) Beneficial Ownership unless the
Employee obtains the prior approval from the Compliance Department and, in the case of
Investment Personnel, their manager or a designated approver. Pre-clearance requests and any
approvals must be made prior to executing the transaction, through the use of the appropriate pre-
clearance form,which can be accessed via the StarCompliance Code of Ethics application at http://
starcompliance.acml.com//. These requests will document (a) the details of the proposed
transaction and (b) representations as to compliance with the personal trading restrictions of this
Code.
Pre-Clearance requests are reviewed by team members in Nashville and may not be addressed until
8:00 a.m. Central time. Please note that trade requests submitted after 2:30 p.m. Central time will be
placed on hold until the following day.
The Legal and Compliance Department will maintain an electronic log of all pre- clearance requests
and indicate the approval or denial of the request in the log.
PLEASE NOTE: When a Security is Being Considered for Purchase or Sale for a Client (see Section
2(i) below) or is being purchased or sold for a Client following the approval on the same day of a
personal trading request form for the same Security, the Legal and Compliance Department is
authorized to cancel the personal order if (a) it has not been executed and the order exceeds a market
value of $50,000 or (b) the Legal and Compliance Department determines, after consulting with the
trading desk and the appropriate business unit head (if available), that the order, based on market
conditions, liquidity and other relevant factors, could have an adverse impact on a Client or on a
Client’s ability to purchase or sell the Security or other Securities of the issuer involved.
The following transactions are exempt from the pre-clearance requirement:
•Transactions in a Managed Account,
•Transactions made pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan,
•Non-volitional Transactions, and
•Transactions in AB Funds if through the ABI Employee Desk or through an employee’s Voya-
sponsored 401K account (if not transacted via ABI or through Voya, pre-clearance is required).
e.Limitation on the Number of Trades
No more than an aggregate of twenty (20) transactions in Reportable Securities may occur in an
Employee’s Personal Accounts during any rolling thirty-day period.
Transactions excluded from the trade limit are:
Transactions in a managed account
•Transactions made pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan,
•Non-volitional Transactions, and
7 Exceptions may apply in certain non-U.S. locations. Please consult with your local compliance officer.
7
•Transactions in AB Funds.
f.Short-Term Trading
Employees must always conduct their personal trading activities lawfully, properly and responsibly,
and are encouraged to adopt long-term investment strategies that are consistent with their financial
resources and objectives. AB discourages short-term trading strategies, and Employees are
cautioned that such strategies may inherently carry a higher risk of regulatory and other scrutiny. In
any event, excessive or inappropriate trading that interferes with job performance, or compromises
the duty that AB owes to its Clients will not be tolerated.
Employees are subject to a mandatory holding period for all Reportable Securities of 60 days
and a buy-back period of 30 days. By regulation, employees of AB Japan Ltd. are subject to a 6-
month hold. Under Danish regulation, the CEO of CPH Capital, AB’s Danish entity, must comply with
a 6-month holding period for securities, excluding funds. Under Danish regulation, the CEO of CPH
Capital, AB's Danish entity, must comply with a 6-month holding period for securities, excluding
funds. A first-in-first-out accounting methodology will be applied to a series of Securities purchases
for determining compliance with this holding rule. As noted in Section 2(a)(ii), the applicable holding
period for AB open-end funds is also 60 days.
Exceptions to the short-term trading rules (i.e., the 60-day hold and 30-day buy-back):
•Securities transactions in Personal Accounts of Dependents which are not directed by the
Employee are subject to the mandatory holding and buy-back periods. However, after 30
calendar days, a sell transaction will be permitted for these Personal Accounts if necessary to
minimize a loss;
•Transactions in Managed Accounts;
•Transactions made pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan;
•Non-volitional Transactions;
•Sales of Securities held by the Employee or their Dependents prior to their employment with
AB;
•Shares in the publicly traded units of AB that were acquired in connection with a
compensation plan may be sold within the 60-day holding period. However, units purchased
on the open market must comply with the holding period requirements herein; and
•Shares received through an employee stock plan or compensation program by a Dependent
may be sold within the 60-day holding period.
Trades made in violation of this section of the Code shall be unwound, or, if that is not practicable, all
profits from the short-term trading will be disgorged.
g.Short Sales
The Legal and Compliance Department will prohibit an Employee from engaging in any short sale of
a Security in a Personal Account if, at the time of the transaction, any Client has a long position in
such Security in an AB-managed portfolio (except that an Employee may engage in short sales
against the box and covered call writing provided that these personal Securities transactions do not
violate the prohibition against short- term trading).
h.Trading in AB Units and AB Funds
During certain times of the year, Employees may be prohibited from conducting transactions in the equity
units of AB.
8
Additional restricted periods may be required for certain individuals and events, and the Legal and
Compliance Department will announce when such additional restricted periods are in effect.
As AB Units and AB Funds are Reportable Securities, all are subject to the same pre-clearance process as
other Reportable Securities, with certain additional Legal and Compliance Department approval required.
See the Statement of Policy and Procedures Concerning Purchases and Sales of AB Units and the
Statement of Policy and Procedures Concerning Purchases and Sales of AB Closed-End Mutual Funds.
Employees are not permitted to transact in short sales of AB Units.
Note that Employees are not permitted to establish automatic investment plans, including but not
limited to dividend reinvestment plans (or DRIPs) for their AB units as it could result in purchases
outside of the trading window.
i.Securities Being Considered for Purchase or Sale
Subject to the exceptions below, Employees and their Dependents are prohibited from purchasing or
selling a Security (or a derivative product), or engaging in any short sale of a Security, in a Personal
Account if, at the time of the transaction, the Security is Being Considered for Purchase or Sale for a
Client or is being purchased or sold for a Client.
This prohibition will not apply to the following:
•Transactions in Managed Accounts;
•Transactions made pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan;
•Non-volitional Transactions;
•Securities received as part of the Employee’s or their Dependent’s employer stock or compensation
plan;
•De minimis transactions, defined as follows:
oFixed Income Securities
Any of the following Securities, if at the time of the transaction, the Employee has no actual
knowledge that the Security is Being Considered for Purchase or Sale by a Client or that
the Security is being purchased or sold by or for the Client:
1.Fixed income securities transactions having a principal amount not exceeding $25,000;
or
2.Non-convertible debt securities and non-convertible preferred stocks which are rated by
at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) in one of the
three highest investment grade rating categories.
oEquity Securities
Any equity Security transaction, or series of related transactions, involving shares of
common stock and excluding options, warrants, rights and other derivatives, provided:
1.Any orders are entered after 10:00 a.m. and before 3:00 p.m. and are not designated as
"market on open" or "market on close;"
2.The aggregate value of the transactions does not exceed (1) $250,000, and (2) .1% of
the daily trade volume of the security; and
3.The Employee has no actual knowledge that the Security is Being Considered for
Purchase or Sale by a Client or that the Security is being purchased or sold by or for the
Client.
9
PLEASE NOTE: Even if a trade qualifies for a de minimis exception, it must be pre-cleared with the Legal
and Compliance Department in advance of being placed.
j.Restricted List
A Security may not be purchased or sold in a Personal Account if, at the time of the transaction, the
Security appears on the AB Daily Restricted List and is restricted for Employee transactions. The Daily
Restricted List is made available each business day to all Employees via The Loop.
k.Dissemination of Research Information
An Employee may not buy or sell any Security for a Personal Account that is the subject of
"significantly new" or "significantly changed" research during the period commencing with the
approval of the research and continuing for twenty-four hours subsequent to the first publication or
release of the research. An Employee also may not buy or sell any Security on the basis of research
that AB has not yet made public or released. The terms "significantly new" and "significantly
changed" include:
a.The initiation of coverage by an AB research analyst;
b.Any change in a research rating or position by an AB analyst;
c.Any other rating, view, opinion, or advice from an AB analyst, the issuance (or re-issuance) of
which in the opinion of such research analyst, or his or her director of research, would be
reasonably likely to have a material effect on the price of the security.
This prohibition will not apply to the following:
•Transactions in Accounts;
•Transactions made pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan
•Non-volitional Transactions;
•Securities received as part of the Employee’s or their Dependent’s employer stock or compensation
plan;
•De minimis transactions, defined as follows:
oFixed Income Securities
This exception does not apply to research issued by an affiliate of AB. Any of the
following Securities, if at the time of the transaction, the Employee has no actual
knowledge that the Security is Being Considered for Purchase or Sale by a Client or that
the Security is being purchased or sold by or for the Client:
1.Fixed income securities transactions having a principal amount not exceeding $25,000;
or
2.Non-convertible debt securities and non-convertible preferred stocks which are rated by
at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) in one of the
three highest investment grade rating categories.
oEquity Securities
This exception does not apply to research issued by an affiliate of AB. Any equity
security transaction, or series of related transactions, involving shares of common stock
and excluding options, warrants, rights and other derivatives, provided:
10
1.Any orders are entered after 10:00 a.m. and before 3:00 p.m. and are not designated as
"market on open" or "market on close";
2.The aggregate value of the transactions do not exceed (1) $250,000, and (3) 1% of the
daily trade volume of the security; and
3.The Employee has no actual knowledge that the Security is Being Considered for
Purchase or Sale by a Client or that the Security is being purchased or sold by or for the
Client.
PLEASE NOTE: Even if a trade qualifies for a de minimis exception, it must be pre-cleared with the Legal
and Compliance Department in advance of being placed.
l.Initial Public Offerings
Employees or their Dependent whose Personal Accounts are covered under this Code(see Section
1(b)(14)) are not permitted to acquire for a Personal Account, any equity Security issued in an Initial Public
Offering.
m.Limited Offerings/Private Placements
Employees and their Dependent whose Personal Accounts are covered under this Code (see Section
1(b)(14)), are not permitted to acquire any Security issued in any limited or private offering (please note
that hedge funds are sold as limited or private offerings) without prior written approval and documentation
for the basis for granting approval from the Chief Compliance Officer (or designee) and the Employee’s
manager or the manager’s designee. The Chief Compliance Officer, in determining whether approval
should be given, will take into account, among other factors, whether the investment opportunity should be
reserved for a Client and whether the opportunity is being offered to the individual by virtue of his or her
position with AB. Employees authorized to acquire Securities issued in a limited or private offering must
disclose that investment when they play a part in any Client’s subsequent consideration of an investment in
the issuer. In such a case, the decision of AB to purchase Securities of that issuer for a Client will be
subject to an independent review by Investment Personnel with no personal interest in such issuer.
8 Additional restrictions or disclosures may be required if there is a business relationship between the Employee or
AB and the issuer of the offering. See also "Additional restrictions that apply to employees of the Private
Alternatives Group (Section 6)".
3.Additional Restrictions–Portfolio Managers
In addition to the requirements and restrictions on Employee trading in Section 2 of this Appendix A of the
Code, the following restrictions apply to all persons acting in the capacity of a Portfolio Manager of a Client
account. For purposes of the restrictions in this section, a portfolio manager is defined as an Employee who
has decision-making authority regarding specific securities to be traded for Client accounts, as well as such
Employee’s supervisor. Please see Section 6 for restrictions relating to the Alternative Investment Strategies
Groups.
8 Additional restrictions or disclosures may be required if there is a business relationship between the Employee or
AB and the issuer of the offering. See also "Additional restrictions that apply to employees of the Private
Alternatives Group (Section 6)".
11
General Prohibition: No person acting in the capacity of a portfolio manager will be permitted to trade for a
Personal Account, a Security that is an eligible portfolio investment in that manager’s strategy (e.g., Large
Cap Growth).
This prohibition does not apply to transactions directed by Dependents whose Personal Accounts are covered
under this Code (see Section 1(b)(18)) provided that the Employee has no input into the investment decision.
Nor does it apply to sales of securities held prior to the application of this restriction or employment with the
firm. However, such transactions are subject to the following additional restrictions.
a.Blackout Periods
No person acting in the capacity of a portfolio manager will be permitted to trade a Security for a Personal
Account within seven calendar days before and after any Client serviced in that manager’s strategy (e.g.,
Large Cap Growth) trades in the same Security. If a portfolio manager engages in such a personal
securities transaction during a blackout period, the Chief Compliance Officer may break the trade or, if the
trade cannot be broken, the Chief Compliance Officer may direct that any profit realized on the trade be
disgorged.
b.Actions During Blackout Periods
No person acting in the capacity of a portfolio manager shall delay or accelerate a Client trade due to a
previous purchase or sale of a Security in a Personal Account. In the event that a portfolio manager
determines that it is in the best interest of a Client to buy or sell a Security for the account of the Client
within seven days of the purchase or sale of the same Security in a Personal Account, the portfolio
manager must contact the Chief Compliance Officer or their designee immediately, who may direct that the
trade in the Personal Account be canceled, grant an exception or take other appropriate action.
c.Transactions Contrary to Client Positions
No person acting in the capacity of a portfolio manager shall trade a Security in a Personal Account
contrary to investment decisions made on behalf of a Client, unless the portfolio manager represents and
warrants in the personal trading request form that (1) it is appropriate for the Client account to buy, sell or
continue to hold that Security and (2) the decision to purchase or sell the Security for the Personal Account
arises from the need to raise or invest cash or some other valid reason specified by the portfolio manager
and approved by the Chief Compliance Officer or their designee and is not otherwise based on the portfolio
manager’s view of how the Security is likely to perform.
4.Additional Restrictions–Research Analysts
In addition to the requirements and restrictions on Employee trading in Section 2 of this Appendix A of the
Code, the following restrictions apply to all persons acting in the capacity of a research analyst.
General Prohibition: No person acting in the capacity of research analyst will be permitted to trade for his or
her Personal Account, any security of an issuer that is in the sector covered by such research analyst (i.e., an
equity research analyst cannot trade in the fixed income securities of a covered issuer nor can a fixed income
analyst trade in the equity securities of one). This prohibition does not apply to transactions directed by
Dependents whose Personal Accounts are covered under this Code (see Section 1(b)(18)), provided that the
employee has no input into the investment decision. Sales of securities held prior to the application of this
restriction or employment with the firm are also considered exempt from this prohibition. However, such
transactions are subject to the following additional restrictions.
a.Blackout Periods
12
No person acting as a research analyst shall trade a Security for a Personal Account within seven calendar
days before and after making a change in a rating or other published view with respect to that Security. If a
research analyst engages in such a personal securities transaction during a blackout period, the Chief
Compliance Officer may break the trade or, if the trade cannot be broken, the Chief Compliance Officer
may direct that any profit realized on the trade be disgorged.
b.Actions During Blackout Periods
No person acting as a research analyst shall delay or accelerate a rating or other published view with
respect to any Security because of a previous purchase or sale of a Security in such person’s Personal
Account. In the event that a research analyst determines that it is appropriate to make a change in a rating
or other published view within seven days of the purchase or sale of the same Security in a Personal
Account, the research analyst must contact the Chief Compliance Officer or their designee immediately,
who may direct that the trade in the Personal Account be canceled, grant an exception or take other
appropriate action.
c.Actions Contrary to Ratings
No person acting as a research analyst shall trade a Security (to the extent such Security is included in the
research analyst’s research universe) contrary to an outstanding rating or a pending ratings change or
traded by a research portfolio, unless (1) the research analyst represents and warrants in the personal
trading request form that (as applicable) there is no reason to change the outstanding rating and (2) the
research analyst’s personal trade arises from the need to raise or invest cash, or some other valid reason
specified by the research analyst and approved by the Chief Compliance Officer or their designee and is
not otherwise based on the research analyst’s view of how the security is likely to perform.
5.Additional Restrictions–Buy-Side Equity Traders
In addition to the requirements and restrictions on Employee trading in Section 2 of this Appendix A of the
Code, the following restrictions apply to all persons acting in the capacity of Trader on any buy-side equity
trading desk.
General Prohibition: Employees acting in the capacity of a buy-side equity trader are not permitted to trade
for their personal account any security that is among the eligible portfolio investments traded on that Desk.
This prohibition does not apply to transactions directed by Dependents whose Personal Accounts are covered
under this Code (see Section 1(b)(18)) provided that the employee has no input into the investment decision.
Nor does it apply to sales of securities held prior to the application of this restriction or employment with the
firm. Such transactions are, of course, subject to all other Code provisions.
6.Additional Restrictions–Alternate Investment Strategies Groups
In addition to the requirements and restrictions on Employee trading in Section 2 of this Appendix A of the
Code, the following restrictions apply to all members of the firm’s Alternative Investment Management Groups,
including Private Alternatives and Private Credit Investors, as well as to the members of the Investment Policy
Group and Board of Directors of Bernstein Alternative Investment Strategies, LLC.
General Prohibition: No member of the groups listed above will be permitted to directly invest in a privately
offered fund or other investment product that is managed by an adviser other than AB and is within the scope
of the current or contemplated funds or other products in which the Alternative Investment Management
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Groups may invest. All such investments must be submitted to the StarCompliance team for review and
approval by their manager and the Compliance team.
7.Exceptions to the Personal Trading Policy
In addition to the exceptions contained within this policy, the Chief Compliance Officer or their designee may
grant other exceptions on a case-by-case basis. Requests for exceptions will be reviewed for any potential
conflicts and may require business review and approval before the request can be granted.
8.Reporting Requirements
a.Duplicate Confirmations and Account Statements
All Employees must direct their brokers to add their Personal Accounts to AllianceBernstein’s automated
data feeds, if the Account is held with a Designated Broker, on a timely basis. For accounts held at non-
designated brokers or not on an automated data feed, Employees are required to manually update
transactions once executed and to provide trade confirmations and/or account statements to the
Compliance Department upon request.
The Compliance Department will review such documents for Personal Accounts to ensure that AB’s
policies and procedures are being complied with, and make additional inquiries as necessary. Access to
duplicate confirmations and account statements will be restricted to those persons who are assigned to
perform review functions, and all such materials will be kept confidential except as otherwise required by
law.
b.Initial Holdings Reports by Employees
All Employee must, within 10 calendar days of commencing of employment with AB, provide a signed and
dated Initial Holdings Report to the Chief Compliance Officer. New employees will receive an electronic
request to perform this task via the StarCompliance Code of Ethics application. Employees who cannot
complete this via StarCompliance may provide an electronic version of this request. The report must
contain the following information current as of a date not more than 45 days prior to the date of the report:
i.Reportable Securities (including private investments as well as any AB Funds) held in a
Personal Account of the Employee or their Dependent, including the title and type of Security,
and as applicable, the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares and/or
principal amount of each Security/fund beneficially owned. Note that Reportable Securities
held in Managed Accounts do not need to be reported;
ii.The name of any broker-dealer or financial institution with which the Employee or their Dependent
maintains a Personal Account in which any Reportable Securities are held for the Employee or
Dependent; and
iii.Details of any outside business affiliations.
Employees must then take all necessary actions to bring their accounts into compliance with the
designated broker guidelines detailed in Section 2(c) of this Appendix.
c.Quarterly Reports by Employees–including Certain Funds and Limited Offerings
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Following each calendar quarter, the Legal and Compliance Department will issue to each Employee via
the StarCompliance Code of Ethics application a Quarterly Transactions Certification containing all
transactions in Reportable Securities in the Employee’s Personal Accounts during the quarter based on
information reported to AB by the Employees and their brokers. Non-volitional Transactions and
transactions in Managed Accounts need not be included for purposes of this reporting requirement.
Within thirty (30) days following the end of each calendar quarter, every Employee must review the form
certify its accuracy, and as necessary make any changes to the pre-populated information:
For each such Security, the report must contain the following information:
•the date of the transaction, the title, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP
number, interest rate and maturity date, number of shares, and principal amount of each Security
involved; (2) the nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase or sale or any other type of acquisition
or disposition); (3) the price of the Security at which the transaction was effected; (4) the name of
the broker or other financial institution through which the transaction was effected; and (5) the
date the Employee submits the report.
In addition, any new Personal Account established during the calendar quarter must be reported, in real time
including:
•the name of the broker or other financial institution with which the account was established and (2)
the date the account was established.
d.Annual Certification by Employees with Managed Accounts
On an annual basis, by a date to be specified by the Compliance Department (typically August 15th), each
Employee who has reported managed accounts in the StarCompliance Code of Ethics application must provide
to the Chief Compliance Officer via the StarCompliance system a signed and dated certification. This
certification confirms:
i.All managed accounts have been disclosed by the Employee in the StarCompliance application; and
ii.The Employee had no influence or investment discretion as to the transactions or holdings of such
accounts during the year.
e.Annual Holdings Reports by Employees
On an annual basis, by a date to be specified by the Compliance Department (typically February 15th),
each Employee must provide to the Chief Compliance Officer via the StarCompliance system a signed and
dated Annual Holdings Report containing data current as of a date not more than forty five (45)days prior to
the date of the submission.9 The report must disclose:
i.All Securities (including shares of mutual funds managed by AB and limited offerings), held in a
Personal Account of the Employee, including the title and type of security, and as applicable the
exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares and/or principal amount of each
Security beneficially owned); and
9 Employees who join the Firm after the annual process has commenced will submit their initial holdings report (see
Section 7(b)) and complete their first Annual Holdings Report during the next annual cycle and thereafter.
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ii.The name of any broker-dealer or financial institution with which the Employee maintains a
Personal Account in which any Securities are held for the Employee.
In the event that AB already maintains a record of the required information via duplicate copies of
broker trade confirmations and account statements received from the Employee’s broker-dealer, an
Employee may satisfy this requirement by (i) confirming in writing (which may include e-mail) the
accuracy of the record on at least an annual basis and (ii) recording the date of the confirmation.
f.Report and Certification of Adequacy to the Board of Directors of Fund Clients
On a periodic basis, but not less than annually, the Chief Compliance Officer shall prepare a written report
to the management and the board of directors of each registered investment fund (other than a unit
investment trust) in which AB acts as investment adviser setting forth the following:
i.A certification on behalf of AB that AB has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent
Employees and Directors from violating the Code;
ii.A summary of existing procedures concerning personal investing and any changes in procedures
made during the past year; and
iii.A description of any issues arising under the Code or procedures since the last report to the Board
including, but not limited to, information about material violations of the Code or procedures and
sanctions imposed in response to the material violations.
AB shall also submit any material changes to this Code to each Fund’s Board at the next regular board
meeting during the quarter following the change.
g.Report Representations
Any Initial or Annual Holdings Report or Quarterly Transaction Report may contain a statement that the
report is not to be construed as an admission by the person making the report that they have any direct or
indirect Beneficial Ownership in the Security to which the report relates.
h.Maintenance of Reports
The Chief Compliance Officer shall maintain the information required by this Section and such other
records, if any, and for such time periods required by Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act and
Rules 204-2 and 204A-1 under the Advisers Act. All reports furnished pursuant to this Section will be kept
confidential, subject to the rights of inspection and review by the General Counsel, the Chief Compliance
Officer and his or her designees, the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee (or subcommittee thereof), the
Securities and Exchange Commission and by other third parties pursuant to applicable laws and
regulations.
9.Reporting Requirements for Directors who are not Employees
All Affiliated Outside Directors (i.e., not Employees of AB, but employees of an AB affiliate) and Outside
Directors (i.e., neither Employees of AB, nor of an AB affiliate) are subject to the specific reporting
requirements of this Section 8 as described below. Directors who are Employees of AB, however, are subject
to the full range of personal trading requirements, restrictions and reporting obligations outlined in Sections 1
through 7 of this Appendix A of the Code, as applicable. In addition, all Directors are expected to adhere to the
fiduciary duties and high ethical standards described in the Code.
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a.Outside Directors / Affiliated Outside Directors
i.In general, pursuant to various regulatory rule exceptions and interpretations, no reporting
is required of Outside Directors and Affiliated Outside Directors. However, if an Outside or
Affiliated Outside Director knew, or in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official
duties as a Director should have known, that during the 15-day period immediately before or
after the Outside or Affiliated Outside Director’s transaction in a Security for a Personal Account, a
Client bought or sold the Security, or the Client or AB considered buying or selling the Security, the
following reporting would be required.
Transaction Report
In the event that a transaction report is required pursuant to the scenario in the preceding paragraph,
other than for accounts over which the director had no influence or control, each outside director must
within thirty (30) days following the end of each calendar quarter, provide to the Chief Compliance
Officer, a signed and dated report disclosing all Securities transactions in any Personal Account. For
each such Security, the report must contain the following information:
a.The date of the transaction, the title, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP
number, interest rate and maturity date, number of shares, and principal amount of each Security
involved;
b.The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase or sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);
c.The price of the Security at which the transaction was effected; and
d.The name of the broker or other financial institution through which the transaction was effected.