Sector Risk. To the extent the Fund focuses its investments, from time to time, in a particular sector, the Fund will be subject to a greater degree to the risks specific to that sector. Market conditions, interest rates, and economic, regulatory, or financial developments could significantly affect a single sector, and therefore the Fund, to a greater extent than if the Fund’s investments were diversified across different sectors.

Foreign Investments. Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve certain considerations and risks not ordinarily associated with investments in the securities of domestic issuers. Foreign companies are not generally subject to the same accounting, auditing, and financial standards and requirements as those applicable to U.S. companies. Additionally, there may be less publicly available information about a foreign company than a U.S. company. Investments in foreign securities could expose the Fund to the direct or indirect consequences of political, social, or economic changes in the foreign countries where those securities are issued or in which the issuers are located. With respect to certain foreign countries, there are risks of expropriation, confiscatory taxation, political or social instability, or diplomatic developments that could affect assets of the Fund held in custody in those foreign countries. If the value of any foreign currency in which the Fund’s investments are denominated declines relative to the U.S. dollar, the value of the Fund’s investments is expected to decline proportionately. In addition, a portfolio that includes foreign securities can expect to have a higher expense ratio because of the increased transaction costs on non‑U.S. securities markets and the increased costs of maintaining the custody of foreign securities. The Fund may experience higher levels of each of these risks by investing in emerging (less developed) markets. Further, geopolitical events may cause market disruptions. Ongoing armed conflict in Europe and in the Middle East may cause continued volatility in the securities markets, which could negatively impact the Fund.

Small Capitalization. The Fund may invest in companies that are small or thinly capitalized and may have a limited operating history. Investments in small‑cap companies may involve greater risks than investments in larger, more established issuers because they generally are more vulnerable to adverse business or economic developments than stocks of larger companies. The securities of small capitalization companies generally are less liquid and have narrower product lines, more limited financial resources, and more limited markets for their stock as compared with larger companies. As a result, the value of such securities may be more volatile than the securities of larger companies. During broad market downturns, the Fund’s NAV may fall further than those of funds investing in larger companies. Full development of small capitalization companies takes time, and for this reason, among others, the Fund should be considered a long term investment and not a vehicle for seeking short term profit.

Pricing. Many factors may influence the price at which the Fund could sell any particular portfolio investment. The sales price may well differ—higher or lower—from the Fund’s last valuation, and such differences could be significant, particularly for illiquid securities and securities that trade in relatively thin markets and/or markets that experience extreme volatility. If market conditions make it difficult to value some investments, the Fund may value these investments using more subjective methods, such as fair value pricing. In such cases, the value determined for an investment could be different than the value realized upon such investment’s sale. As a result, you could pay more than the market value when buying Fund shares or receive less than the market value when selling Fund shares.

Active Trading. The Fund may trade securities actively. This strategy could increase transaction costs, reduce performance, and result in increased taxable distributions, which could lower the Fund’s after tax performance.

Cybersecurity Risk. With the Internet and other technologies being essential to conducting business, the Fund is susceptible to operational, information security, and related risks. The growing use of artificial intelligence may lead to increasingly sophisticated cybersecurity attacks. Cyber incidents affecting the Fund or its service providers, including incidents involving artificial intelligence, may cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, interference with the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, impediments to trading, the inability of shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional related costs.

Market Risk. The market risks associated with investing in the Fund are those related to fluctuations in the value of the investments in the Fund’s portfolio. A risk of investing in stocks and other instruments is that their value will go up and down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, reflecting overall economic conditions and other factors and you could lose money. The Fund may invest in emerging companies, such as start‑ups and spin-offs, and special situations, which include companies undergoing unusual or possibly one time developments such as reorganizations or liquidations. These investments may involve above average market price volatility and greater risk of loss. Certain unanticipated events, such as natural disasters, terrorism, war, and other geopolitical events, can have a dramatic adverse effect on the investments held by the Fund.