10. Debt and Financing Arrangements

Convertible notes and warrants

In December 2024, Fold Predecessor entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “December 2024 SPA”) with an institutional investor for the sale of a Senior Secured Convertible Note (the "December 2024 Initial Investor Note"). On June 16, 2025, the Company amended the December 2024 SPA, which was accounted for as an extinguishment of the December 2024 Initial Investor Note and issuance of a new debt instrument (the "June 2025 Amended Investor Note") with a principal amount of $20.0 million, a conversion price of $9.00 per share, and a stated interest rate of 12% per annum. In connection with the June 2025 extinguishment, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $9.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2025. The Series A and Series C warrants remain outstanding and are classified within stockholders' equity. Refer to Note 11 for further information.

The June 2025 Amended Investor Note was scheduled to mature on February 14, 2028 and was classified within non-current liabilities as of December 31, 2025. The Company elected not to remeasure the note at fair value subsequent to issuance and accounted for it at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

On February 27, 2026, the Company repaid the June 2025 Amended Investor Note with a cash payment of $27.5 million, comprised of $20.0 million of outstanding principal and $7.5 million of special interest due as a result of early repayment. The total cash payment of $27.5 million was funded with $14.4 million in proceeds from the sale of 200 bitcoin and $13.0 million in proceeds from the February 2026 Investor Note.

The Company accounted for the repayment as an extinguishment of debt in accordance with ASC 470. In connection with the extinguishment, the Company recognized additional interest expense of $1.7 million, bringing total special interest expense to $2.4 million, which represents the minimum special interest that would have been due at maturity. The remaining $5.1 million of special interest, representing the economic premium attributable to early repayment, was recorded as a loss on extinguishment together with the write-off of $1.3 million of unamortized premium and unamortized debt issuance costs, resulting in a total loss on extinguishment of $3.8 million.

Total interest expense recognized related to the June 2025 Amended Investor Note for the three months ended March 31, 2026, prior to extinguishment, was nominal. Total interest expense recognized related to the December 2024 Initial Investor Note for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $1.1 million, comprised of contractual interest expense of $0.6 million and $0.5 million of amortization of the debt discount and debt issuance costs.

The March 2025 Investor Note

On March 6, 2025, Fold entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “March 2025 SPA”) with a related party investor, SATS, pursuant to which Fold issued to the investor (i) a Convertible Note in an aggregate principal amount of $46.3 million (the "March 2025 Investor Note"), (ii) warrants exercisable for 925,590 shares of Common Stock with an exercise price of $15.00 per share (the “March

2025 Warrants”), and (iii) an aggregate of 750,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Closing Shares”). The March 2025 Investor Note was funded with 475 bitcoin, net of 25 bitcoin paid to the investor as prepayment for the first year of interest, with 500 bitcoin held as collateral to secure the note.

The Company elected to account for the March 2025 Investor Note using the fair value option. As of the date of issuance, the fair value of the March 2025 Investor Note was $59.0 million which exceeded the proceeds received of $46.3 million. The $12.7 million excess of the fair value over the net proceeds received was recorded as a loss within the condensed statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The Company separately valued the March 2025 Warrants and Closing Shares at $3.8 million and $5.8 million, respectively, and expensed the full $9.6 million immediately as issuance costs given the related party nature of the instrument. The March 2025 Warrants were determined to meet the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815-40.

Total interest expense recognized related to the March 2025 Investor Note for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The March 2025 Investor Note accrued interest at 7.0% per annum, payable quarterly in shares of Common Stock valued at $12.50 per share.

On February 26, 2026, the Company repaid and extinguished the March 2025 Investor Note by transferring the 500 bitcoin held as collateral against this note to the investor. Prior to extinguishment, the Company remeasured the note to fair value, recognizing a gain of $13.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026, which brought the carrying value to approximately $34.0 million, approximating the fair value of the bitcoin transferred. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recorded a gain of $6.2 million due to changes in fair value. The Company accounted for the repayment as an extinguishment of debt in accordance with ASC 470. As the fair value of the note approximated the value of the consideration transferred, no gain or loss on extinguishment was recognized. The Company recognized a $0.2 million loss on extinguishment related to unamortized prepaid interest remaining as of the extinguishment date.

Two Prime Credit Facility

On October 1, 2025, the Company entered into the Credit Facility, as subsequently amended in November 2025. The Credit Facility permits the Company to request, and Two Prime to make available at its discretion, USD-denominated loans up to an aggregate commitment amount of $45.0 million, subject to the execution of individual loan term sheets. Loans issued under the Credit Facility are secured by bitcoin posted by the Company as collateral and held in segregated cold storage with a qualified digital asset custodian. The Company is required to maintain aggregate collateral levels within specified thresholds, and failure to do so may result in margin calls or liquidation of collateral.

Under the Amendment, each loan bears interest at a rate of 8.5%, is repayable in USD, and matures on September 30, 2026 with a prepayment option. This loan may be renewed with substantially similar terms upon mutual agreement between the parties prior to the maturity date. The Credit Facility contains customary representations, covenants, collateral requirements, tax and indemnification provisions, and events of default.

On February 5, 2026, the Company received a collateral maintenance notice under its outstanding Credit Facility as a result of the decline in the market price of bitcoin below the collateral maintenance threshold. In accordance with the terms of the Credit Facility, the Company provided an additional 50 bitcoin as collateral within the required notification period to satisfy the collateral maintenance requirements.

On March 16, 2026, the Company received a notice from Two Prime stating that we were eligible for a partial refund of collateral due to the appreciation of the price of bitcoin. The collateral refund was applied to reduce the incremental collateral required in connection with Loan Utilization Request #3 as described below.

On March 18, 2026, the Company borrowed an additional $10.0 million pursuant to Loan Utilization Request #3 under the Amendment.

As of March 31, 2026, the outstanding principal balance under the Master Loan Agreement was $20.0 million, secured by 430 bitcoin from Fold’s digital asset Investment Treasury. As of December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal balance under the Master Loan Agreement was $10.0 million, secured by 200 bitcoin. The Company has classified the outstanding balance as a current liability as of March 31, 2026. and December 31, 2025. Total interest expense related to the Two Prime Credit Facility was $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026. There was no comparable activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The Company was in compliance with all collateral maintenance requirements as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

February 2026 Investor Note

On February 25, 2026, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with SATS, a related party, and issued the February 2026 Investor Note, which has a principal amount of $13.0 million. The February 2026 Investor Note bears interest at 10% per annum, payable monthly, and matures on February 25, 2027. The maturity date may be extended for one additional year upon mutual consent, subject to the issuance of 520,000 additional shares of Fold's Common Stock (the "Renewal Commitment Shares"). The note is voluntarily prepayable at any time without penalty.

The Company accounts for the February 2026 Investor Note at amortized cost using the effective interest method and it is classified as a current liability as of the balance sheet date.

In connection with the issuance of the February 2026 Investor Note, the Company issued 520,000 shares of its Common Stock (the “Initial Commitment Shares”). The Company determined the Initial Commitment Shares represent freestanding equity instruments. The fair value of the Initial Commitment Shares was $0.8 million on the issuance date. After allocating proceeds to the bifurcated derivative liability and the Initial Commitment Shares, the residual proceeds were allocated to the debt host in accordance with ASC 470. The Company has committed to registering the Initial Commitment Shares and an additional 520,000 shares that could be issued to SATS upon renewal of the promissory note pursuant to a Registration Rights Agreement by and between the Company and SATS entered into on February 25, 2026.

The February 2026 Investor Note includes mandatory repayment triggers that require prepayment in increments of 25% to 100%, without penalty, upon the occurrence of specified bitcoin price thresholds between $37 thousand and $45 thousand, measured using volume-weighted average prices over specified time periods. The Company determined that these provisions represent an embedded derivative that is not clearly and closely related to the debt host and meets the definition of a derivative instrument under ASC 815. Accordingly, the Company bifurcated the embedded derivative and recorded it as a separate liability at fair value, with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in earnings. The fair value of the embedded derivative was a nominal amount as of March 31, 2026. Other embedded features, including change-of-control and term extension provisions, were determined not to require bifurcation. Refer to Note 15 for further information regarding the fair value measurement of the bifurcated derivative.

Total interest expense recognized related to the February 2026 Investor Note for the period from issuance through March 31, 2026 was $0.1 million.

The February 2026 Investor Note provides for certain events of default. In connection with an event of default, SATS may declare all outstanding principal, accrued and unpaid interest, and other amounts payable to be immediately due and payable. The Company is also subject to certain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including a restriction on the incurrence of additional indebtedness above a specified threshold. As of March 31, 2026, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and there have been no events of default during the period.