| Summary of share option activities |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Weighted | | Weighted | | Weighted | | | | | | | average | | average | | average | | Aggregate | | | Number of | | exercise | | grant date | | remaining | | intrinsic | | | share | | price | | fair value | | contractual | | value | | | options | | US$ | | US$ | | life years | | US$’000 | At January 1, 2023 | | 274,830 | | 12.92 | | N/A | | 2.69 | | 17 | Forfeited | | (780) | | 5.37 | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | At December 31, 2023 | | 274,050 | | 12.95 | | N/A | | 1.69 | | 16 | Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2023 | | 272,612 | | 4.33 | | 15.38 | | 1.69 | | 16 | Exercisable to vest at December 31, 2023 | | 273,940 | | 4.39 | | 15.35 | | 1.69 | | 16 | | | | | | | | | | | | At January 1, 2024 | | 274,050 | | 12.95 | | N/A | | 1.69 | | 16 | Exercised | | (23,545) | | 0.32 | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | Forfeited | | (152,650) | | 5.35 | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | At December 31, 2024 | | 97,855 | | 27.92 | | N/A | | 0.70 | | 22 | Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2024 | | 85,195 | | 3.35 | | 16.04 | | 0.64 | | 22 | Exercisable to vest at December 31, 2024 | | 97,855 | | 3.88 | | 15.70 | | 0.71 | | 22 | | | | | | | | | | | | At January 1, 2025 | | 97,855 | | 27.92 | | N/A | | 0.70 | | 22 | Exercised | | (10,500) | | 1.61 | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | Forfeited | | (85,905) | | 4.04 | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | At December 31, 2025 | | 1,450 | | 10.26 | | N/A | | 1.14 | | — | Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2025 | | 1,450 | | 10.26 | | 11.60 | | 1.14 | | — | Exercisable to vest at December 31, 2025 | | 1,450 | | 10.26 | | 11.60 | | 1.14 | | — |
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| Summary of activity of the service-based RSUs |
| | | | | | | | | Weighted average | | | | | grant date fair value | | | Number of RSUs | | US$ | At January 1, 2023 | | 110,463 | | 18.26 | Granted (with a vesting period of 0 to 4 years) | | 762,510 | | 0.73 | Vested | | (208,558) | | 5.32 | Forfeited/expired | | (3,875) | | 24.25 | At December 31, 2023 | | 660,540 | | 2.07 | Expected to vest at December 31, 2023 | | 639,362 | | 1.12 | | | | | | At January 1, 2024 | | 660,540 | | 2.07 | Granted (with a vesting period of 0 to 4 years) | | 357,500 | | 0.34 | Vested | | (914,999) | | 0.96 | Forfeited/expired | | (6,207) | | 18.24 | At December 31, 2024 | | 96,834 | | 5.11 | Expected to vest at December 31, 2024 | | 79,325 | | 0.76 | | | | | | At January 1, 2025 | | 96,834 | | 5.11 | Vested | | (30,547) | | 0.43 | Forfeited/expired | | (36,259) | | 11.99 | At December 31, 2025 | | 30,028 | | 1.36 | Expected to vest at December 31, 2025 | | 30,028 | | 1.36 |
| | | | | | | | | Weighted average | | | | | grant date fair value | | | Number of RSUs | | US$ | At January 1, 2025 | | — | | — | Granted (with a vesting period of 0 to 4 years) | | 1,089,875 | | 0.60 | Vested | | (868,062) | | 0.66 | At December 31, 2025 | | 221,813 | | 0.35 | Expected to vest at December 31, 2025 | | 221,813 | | 0.35 |
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