| Schedule of transactions and balances with related party |
| | | Related parties | | Relationship to the Company | Amber Global Limited | | Affiliate | Amber AI Limited | | Affiliate | Amber AI Services Limited | | Affiliate | Amber AM Limited | | Affiliate | Amber Technologies Service Pte. Ltd. | | Affiliate | WhaleFin Technologies Limited | | Affiliate | Amber Technologies Limited | | Affiliate | Amber Vault AUS Pty. Ltd. | | Affiliate | Amber Technologies Global Pte. Ltd. | | Affiliate | Amber Technologies North America Ltd | | Affiliate | Amber Technologies Service Pte. Ltd. | | Affiliate | Lead Accelerating Limited | | Affiliate | WhaleFin Markets Limited | | Affiliate | Amber Custodian Services Limited | | Affiliate | Gamma Digital Limited | | Affiliate | Amber Mega Limited | | Affiliate | Amber Macro Holding Limited | | Affiliate | Axiom AI Limited | | Affiliate | Rigsec Technology Holding Limited | | Affiliate | Rigsec Technology Limited | | Affiliate | Amber Services NA, LLC | | Affiliate | AAC Global Holding Limited | | Affiliate | AG Global Technology Limited Inc. | | Affiliate | Amber Global Alpha Fund Management Limited | | Affiliate | Proton Fund SPC | | Affiliate | Amber ALIR Limited | | Affiliate | Amber ALIR Holding Limited | | Affiliate |
| | | | | | | | | For the years ended December 31, | | | 2023 | | 2024 | | 2025 | Revenue generated from: | | | | | | | WhaleFin Technologies Limited | | 308 | | 1,898 | | 24,142 | Amber Technologies Limited | | 1,277 | | — | | — | Lead Accelerating Limited | | 18 | | 3,709 | | 8,860 | AG Global Technology Limited Inc. | | — | | — | | 3,542 | Proton Fund SPC | | — | | — | | 4,991 | Axiom AI Limited | | — | | — | | 1,342 | Amber Global Alpha Fund Management Limited | | — | | — | | 34 | Amber ALIR Holding Limited | | — | | — | | 1 | Rigsec Technology Holding Limited | | — | | — | | 62 | Rigsec Technology Limited | | 25 | | 25 | | — | Gamma Digital Limited | | — | | 5 | | 6 | | | 1,628 | | 5,637 | | 42,980 | | | | | | | | Cost of revenue to: | | | | | | | WhaleFin Technologies Limited | | 9 | | 49 | | — | Lead Accelerating Limited | | 6 | | 22 | | 329 | Amber ALIR Holding Limited | | — | | — | | 103 | Amber AI Services Limited | | — | | — | | 19 | Amber Technologies Global Pte. Ltd. | | 2 | | — | | — | | | | | | | | Service income from: | | | | | | | Amber Technologies Service Pte. Ltd. | | — | | 66 | | 106 | WhaleFin Markets Limited | | — | | 48 | | 108 | Axiom AI Limited | | — | | — | | 375 | AAC Global Holding Limited | | — | | — | | 7 | | | | | | | | Outsourcing/support services provided by: | | | | | | | Amber Technologies North America Ltd | | — | | 7 | | 1,675 | Amber Technologies Global Pte. Ltd. | | 90 | | — | | — | Amber AI Limited | | — | | — | | 10,622 | Amber AI Services Limited | | — | | — | | 2,960 | Amber AM Limited | | — | | — | | 32 | Amber Services NA, LLC | | — | | — | | 403 | Amber ALIR Holding Limited | | — | | — | | 282 | Amber Technologies Service Pte. Ltd. | | — | | — | | 55 | | | | | | | | Interest expenses to: | | | | | | | Amber Global Limited | | 58 | | 17 | | — | Amber Technologies Global Pte. Ltd. | | 73 | | — | | — | | | | | | | | Service fee to: | | | | | | | Rigsec Technology Limited | | — | | 59 | | 185 | | | | | | | | Payment on behalf: | | | | | | | Amber AI Limited | | — | | — | | 320 | | | | | | | | Waiver of balance by: | | | | | | | Amber Global Limited | | — | | 47,106 | | 948 |
| | | | | | | | | As of | | | | | | | January 1, | | As of December 31, | | | 2024 | | 2024 | | 2025 | Trade nature (Note (i)) | | | | | | | Gamma Digital Limited | | — | | 5 | | 1 | WhaleFin Technologies Limited | | 7,506 | | — | | — | Lead Accelerating Limited | | — | | 4,108 | | 930 | AG Global Technology Limited Inc. | | — | | — | | 25,447 | Axiom AI Limited | | — | | — | | 97 | Amber Global Alpha Fund Management Limited | | — | | — | | 34 | Proton Fund SPC | | 1 | | — | | — | Rigsec Technology Limited | | 25 | | — | | — | | | | | | | | Non-trade nature (Note (ii)) | | | | | | | Amber AI Limited | | — | | 124 | | — | Amber Technologies Global Pte. Ltd. | | — | | 47 | | — | Amber Technologies Service Pte. Ltd. | | — | | 66 | | 74 | WhaleFin Technologies Limited | | — | | 1,657 | | — | WhaleFin Markets Limited | | — | | 5,501 | | 5,503 | Amber Custodian Services Limited | | — | | 15 | | 160 | Amber Global Limited | | 3,000 | | — | | 15 | Amber Mega Limited | | — | | 5 | | — | Axiom AI Limited | | — | | — | | 74 | Rigsec Technology Holding Limited | | — | | — | | 6 | Amber Macro Holding Limited | | — | | 5 | | — |
Note: | i) | Balances are trade in nature, unsecured, interest—free and with credit terms of 30 days (2024: 30 days). |
| ii) | These non-trade receivables mainly pertained to expenses paid on behalf of related parties. |
| | | | | | | | | As of | | | | | | | January 1, | | As of December 31, | | | 2024 | | 2024 | | 2025 | US$ | | 3,026 | | 4,447 | | 6,050 | SGD | | — | | 48 | | 74 | HK$ | | — | | 2,930 | | 2,930 | | | 3,026 | | 7,425 | | 9,054 |
| | | | | | | | | As of | | | | | | | January 1, | | As of December 31, | | | 2024 | | 2024 | | 2025 | BTC | | 3,058 | | 4,130 | | (48,008) | ETH | | 1,161 | | 155 | | (4,368) | USDS (Note) | | 1,734 | | — | | 92,586 | USDC | | 819 | | — | | (37,139) | USDT | | 734 | | — | | 20,356 | ADA | | — | | (35) | | 33 | BCH | | — | | (13) | | 85 | DOT | | — | | (10) | | (22) | XRP | | — | | (119) | | (236) | | | 7,506 | | 4,108 | | 23,287 |
Note: USDS is a cryptographic blockchain-based digital information unit token issued by the Group and only used in Group’s platform. Each USDS is equivalent to US$1. | | | | | | | | | As of | | | | | | | January 1, | | As of December 31, | | | 2024 | | 2024 | | 2025 | Trade nature | | | | | | | Amber Global Limited | | 21,848 | | — | | — | Amber Technologies Limited | | 23 | | — | | — | Lead Accelerating Limited | | — | | 1,723 | | 3,260 | WhaleFin Technologies Limited | | — | | 8,245 | | — | AG Global Technology Limited Inc. | | — | | — | | 127 | Proton Fund SPC | | — | | — | | 39,506 | Amber ALIR Holding Ltd | | — | | — | | 52 | | | | | | | | Non-trade nature | | | | | | | Amber AI Limited | | 11 | | 5 | | 3,158 | Amber Global Limited | | 4,946 | | — | | — | Amber Technologies Service Pte. Ltd | | 2 | | — | | — | Amber Global Technologies Pte. Ltd | | 45 | | — | | — | Amber Technologies North America Limited | | — | | 7 | | 460 | Amber AI Services Limited | | — | | — | | 749 | Amber AM Limited | | — | | — | | 2 | Rigsec Technology Limited | | — | | — | | 30 | AG Global Technology Limited Inc. | | — | | — | | 25 | Amber ALIR Holding Limited | | — | | — | | 2 | Lead Accelerating Limited | | — | | — | | 52 | Amber Services NA, LLC | | — | | — | | 58 | | | | | | | | Loan payable | | | | | | | AG Global Technology Limited Inc. (Note) | | — | | — | | 550 |
Note: The loan payable to AG Global Technology Limited Inc. is for working capital purpose. It is unsecured, interest-free, repayable on demand, and denominated in US$. | | | | | | | | | As of | | | | | | | January 1, | | As of December 31, | | | 2024 | | 2024 | | 2025 | US$ | | 3,508 | | 1,728 | | 5,096 | SGD | | 1,496 | | 7 | | — | Others | | — | | — | | 42 | | | 5,004 | | 1,735 | | 5,138 |
| | | | | | | | | As of | | | | | | | January 1, | | As of December 31, | | | 2024 | | 2024 | | 2025 | BTC | | 12,543 | | 5,262 | | (47,475) | ETH | | 4,627 | | 531 | | (289) | USDS (Note) | | 23 | | — | | 57,881 | USDC | | 4,678 | | 2,354 | | 13,351 | USDT | | — | | 98 | | 19,031 | Others (Note) | | — | | — | | 394 | | | 21,871 | | 8,245 | | 42,893 |
Note: USDS is a cryptographic blockchain-based digital information unit token issued by the Group and only used in Group’s platform. Each USDS is equivalent to US$1. Others mainly consist of “XRP”, “ADA”, “BCH”, “ADA”, “DOT” and “SOL”, no other crypto asset individually representing more than 1% of the total.
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